CVE-2025-25528 in WL-WN575A3
Summary
by MITRE • 02/11/2025
Multiple buffer overflow vulnerabilities in Wavlink WL-WN575A3 RPT75A3.V4300, which are caused by not performing strict length checks on user-controlled data. By successfully exploiting the vulnerabilities, attackers can crash the remote devices or execute arbitrary commands without any authorization verification.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 10/08/2025
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-25528 represents a critical buffer overflow flaw affecting Wavlink WL-WN575A3 RPT75A3.V4300 wireless routers and access points. This issue stems from insufficient validation of input data lengths within the device firmware, creating exploitable conditions that allow malicious actors to manipulate the device's memory structures. The affected hardware operates under a legacy firmware architecture that fails to implement proper bounds checking mechanisms when processing user-controlled inputs, making it susceptible to memory corruption attacks that can lead to complete system compromise.
The technical implementation of this vulnerability manifests through improper handling of network packets and configuration parameters that traverse the device's input processing pipelines. When the firmware receives malformed data streams containing excessive payload lengths, the system fails to validate these inputs against predetermined buffer size limits. This oversight creates predictable memory overflow conditions where attacker-controlled data can overwrite adjacent memory locations, potentially corrupting critical system variables, function pointers, or execution stacks. The vulnerability aligns with CWE-121, which categorizes buffer overflow conditions that occur when insufficient bounds checking allows data to be written beyond allocated buffer boundaries. The attack surface extends to various network protocols including but not limited to HTTP, FTP, and wireless configuration interfaces that accept user input.
The operational impact of this vulnerability presents severe security implications for affected networks, as successful exploitation enables attackers to achieve complete device compromise without requiring authentication credentials. Remote code execution capabilities allow threat actors to install malicious software, modify network configurations, redirect traffic, or establish persistent backdoors within the compromised network infrastructure. The vulnerability's remote exploitability means that attackers can target these devices from outside the local network perimeter, potentially enabling large-scale attacks against multiple devices within the same network segment. According to ATT&CK framework, this vulnerability maps to T1059.007 for command and script interpreter execution and T1068 for exploit for privilege escalation, as the initial compromise can lead to further lateral movement and privilege elevation within the network.
Mitigation strategies for CVE-2025-25528 should prioritize immediate firmware updates from Wavlink's official support channels, as these patches typically contain memory boundary checks and input validation routines that prevent the buffer overflow conditions. Network administrators should implement strict network segmentation and access controls to limit exposure of these devices to untrusted networks, while also deploying intrusion detection systems that can identify anomalous traffic patterns associated with exploitation attempts. Additional protective measures include disabling unnecessary network services, implementing network access control lists, and conducting regular vulnerability assessments to identify similar issues in other network infrastructure components. The vulnerability highlights the importance of secure coding practices and adherence to industry standards such as the CERT Secure Coding Standards, which emphasize the necessity of input validation and memory safety mechanisms in embedded systems development. Organizations should also consider implementing network monitoring solutions that can detect and alert on suspicious activities related to buffer overflow exploitation attempts, as these attacks often generate characteristic network traffic patterns that can be identified through behavioral analysis.