CVE-2025-27532 in ctrlX OS
Summary
by MITRE • 04/30/2025
A vulnerability in the “Backup & Restore” functionality of the web application of ctrlX OS allows a remote authenticated (lowprivileged) attacker to access secret information via multiple crafted HTTP requests.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 04/30/2025
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-27532 represents a critical information disclosure flaw within the backup and restore functionality of ctrlX OS web applications. This issue affects the authentication and authorization mechanisms that govern access to sensitive system data, creating a pathway for attackers to extract confidential information through carefully crafted HTTP requests. The vulnerability specifically targets the backup and restore module, which typically handles system configuration data, user credentials, and other sensitive operational parameters that should remain protected from unauthorized access.
The technical implementation of this vulnerability stems from insufficient input validation and access control checks within the backup functionality. When authenticated users submit requests to the backup and restore endpoints, the system fails to properly verify the privilege level of the requesting user or validate the integrity of the request parameters. This weakness allows a low-privileged attacker to manipulate HTTP requests in ways that bypass normal access controls, potentially gaining access to backup files containing sensitive system information, configuration parameters, or user credentials. The flaw operates at the application layer, leveraging weaknesses in the web application's request processing and authorization logic.
From an operational perspective, this vulnerability poses significant risks to industrial control systems that rely on ctrlX OS for automation and monitoring. The information disclosure could enable attackers to gain insights into system architecture, network configurations, and operational parameters that would otherwise remain confidential. A successful exploitation could lead to further attacks including privilege escalation, system compromise, or targeted attacks against other connected systems within the industrial network. The low privilege requirement for exploitation makes this vulnerability particularly concerning as it can be leveraged by attackers who have already gained basic access to the system through other means.
Security professionals should implement immediate mitigations including strengthening access controls, implementing proper input validation, and monitoring for suspicious backup and restore activity. The vulnerability aligns with CWE-284 which addresses improper access control, and could potentially map to ATT&CK techniques related to privilege escalation and credential access. Organizations should also consider implementing network segmentation, limiting access to backup functionality, and conducting regular security assessments of industrial control systems. The impact extends beyond immediate data exposure to potentially enabling more sophisticated attacks that could compromise entire industrial control networks.