CVE-2025-28015 in Login and User Management System
Summary
by MITRE • 03/13/2025
A HTML Injection vulnerability was found in loginsystem/edit-profile.php of the PHPGurukul User Registration & Login and User Management System V3.3. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary HTML code via the fname, lname, and contact parameters.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 06/02/2025
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-28015 represents a critical HTML injection flaw within the PHPGurukul User Registration & Login and User Management System version 3.3. This security weakness specifically targets the loginsystem/edit-profile.php component where user input is not properly sanitized before being rendered back to the web interface. The affected parameters fname, lname, and contact serve as entry points for malicious actors to inject arbitrary HTML code that will be executed in the context of other users' browsers. This type of vulnerability falls under the Common Weakness Enumeration category CWE-79 which defines Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) conditions where untrusted data is incorporated into web pages without proper validation or escaping mechanisms. The attack surface is particularly concerning as it affects user profile management functionality where legitimate users might unknowingly encounter malicious scripts when viewing edited profiles.
The operational impact of this vulnerability extends beyond simple data corruption or display issues. When attackers successfully inject HTML code through the fname, lname, or contact fields, they can potentially execute malicious scripts that may steal session cookies, redirect users to phishing sites, or perform actions on behalf of authenticated users. The remote exploitation capability means that attackers do not require physical access to the system or local network privileges to leverage this vulnerability. This makes the attack vector particularly dangerous as it can be exploited from anywhere on the internet, potentially affecting all users who view compromised profiles. The vulnerability creates a persistent threat where malicious code remains active until the affected fields are modified or the system is patched, providing attackers with extended periods of opportunity to harvest sensitive information or conduct further attacks.
Security practitioners should implement comprehensive mitigation strategies to address this vulnerability effectively. The primary defense mechanism involves implementing strict input validation and output encoding for all user-supplied data within the affected script. Any data entering the system through the fname, lname, and contact parameters must be sanitized using appropriate escaping functions before being rendered back to users. This approach aligns with the ATT&CK framework's defensive techniques for preventing cross-site scripting attacks by ensuring that untrusted data cannot be executed as code. Additionally, implementing Content Security Policy (CSP) headers can provide an additional layer of protection by restricting the sources from which scripts can be loaded, thereby limiting the impact of any successful injection attempts. Organizations should also consider implementing proper access controls and monitoring mechanisms to detect unusual profile modification patterns that might indicate exploitation attempts. Regular security assessments and code reviews focused on input handling and output rendering processes are essential to prevent similar vulnerabilities from being introduced in future versions of the application.