CVE-2025-40673 in DinoRANK
Summary
by MITRE • 05/28/2025
A Missing Authorization vulnerability has been found in DinoRANK. This vulnerability allows an attacker to access invoices of any user via accessing endpoint '/facturas/YYYY-MM/SDRYYMM-XXXXX.pdf' because there is no access control. The pdf filename can be obtained via OSINT, insecure network traffic or brute force.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 05/28/2025
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-40673 represents a critical missing authorization flaw in the DinoRANK system that fundamentally undermines the application's access control mechanisms. This weakness resides in the invoice retrieval endpoint '/facturas/YYYY-MM/SDRYYMM-XXXxx.pdf' where the system fails to implement proper authentication and authorization checks before serving sensitive financial documents. The vulnerability stems from a lack of input validation and access control enforcement, creating an unauthenticated access point that allows any remote attacker to retrieve confidential invoice data from arbitrary users within the system.
The technical implementation of this vulnerability demonstrates a classic authorization bypass scenario where the application generates predictable filename patterns based on date and sequential identifiers. Attackers can leverage open source intelligence gathering techniques, network traffic analysis, or systematic brute force approaches to discover valid invoice filenames and subsequently access them without proper credentials. This predictable pattern exploitation aligns with CWE-284 which specifically addresses inadequate access control mechanisms, and represents a fundamental failure in the principle of least privilege enforcement. The vulnerability operates at the application layer and can be classified under ATT&CK technique T1078.004 for valid accounts, as it allows unauthorized access to legitimate user data through exploitation of predictable resource identifiers.
The operational impact of this vulnerability extends far beyond simple data exposure, as it enables comprehensive financial data harvesting across all users within the DinoRANK ecosystem. An attacker could systematically enumerate invoice files to gain access to sensitive financial information including transaction details, user billing information, and potentially corporate financial records. This exposure creates significant risk for both individual users and organizations, particularly in environments where such applications handle sensitive business data. The vulnerability's exploitation requires minimal technical skill and can be automated, making it particularly dangerous as it allows for large-scale data harvesting without detection. The impact is exacerbated by the fact that the system provides no audit logging or monitoring for unauthorized access attempts, leaving organizations blind to potential data breaches.
Mitigation strategies for this vulnerability must address both immediate remediation and long-term architectural improvements. The most critical immediate action involves implementing robust access control checks at the endpoint level, requiring proper authentication tokens or session validation before serving any invoice documents. Organizations should enforce role-based access controls ensuring that users can only access their own financial records or those explicitly authorized for their role. Additional defensive measures include implementing rate limiting and access logging for sensitive endpoints, utilizing unpredictable filename generation patterns, and deploying network monitoring to detect unusual access patterns. The solution should align with security frameworks such as NIST SP 800-53 control AC-3 for access enforcement and should incorporate proper input validation to prevent predictable resource enumeration. Organizations must also consider implementing multi-factor authentication for administrative access and establish comprehensive monitoring and alerting for unauthorized access attempts to financial data resources.