CVE-2025-40728 in Customer Support System
Summary
by MITRE • 06/16/2025
SQL injection vulnerability in Customer Support System v1.0. This vulnerability allows an authenticated attacker to retrieve, create, update and delete databases via the id parameter in the /customer_support/manage_user.php endpoint.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 10/09/2025
The SQL injection vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-40728 resides within the Customer Support System version 1.0, presenting a critical security risk that undermines the integrity and confidentiality of database operations. This vulnerability specifically targets the /customer_support/manage_user.php endpoint where user input is processed without adequate sanitization or validation. The flaw manifests through the id parameter which serves as the primary attack vector, allowing malicious actors who have already gained authentication access to manipulate database queries directly. The vulnerability aligns with CWE-89, which classifies SQL injection as a direct consequence of insufficient input validation where untrusted data is incorporated into SQL command construction without proper escaping or parameterization.
The technical exploitation of this vulnerability enables an authenticated attacker to perform unauthorized database operations including data retrieval, insertion, modification, and deletion across the system's backend database. Through careful manipulation of the id parameter, an attacker can inject malicious SQL payloads that bypass authentication mechanisms and directly execute commands against the database server. This capability extends beyond simple data theft to include potential data corruption, privilege escalation, and complete system compromise. The vulnerability operates at the application layer and can be leveraged to extract sensitive customer information, modify user credentials, or even delete critical system data, making it particularly dangerous for customer support systems that handle confidential user information.
The operational impact of CVE-2025-40728 extends far beyond immediate data compromise, potentially leading to complete system infiltration and long-term security degradation. Organizations utilizing this customer support system face significant risk of unauthorized access to personal customer data, which could result in regulatory compliance violations, financial penalties, and reputational damage. The vulnerability's authenticated nature means that attackers need only compromise a single user account to gain extensive database access, making it particularly concerning for environments where user accounts may have elevated privileges. This flaw can be exploited to create backdoor accounts, escalate privileges, or establish persistent access points within the system infrastructure.
Mitigation strategies for CVE-2025-40728 must address both immediate remediation and long-term security improvements. The primary solution involves implementing proper input validation and parameterized queries throughout the application code, specifically targeting the id parameter in the manage_user.php endpoint. Organizations should deploy prepared statements or parameterized queries to ensure that user input cannot alter the structure of SQL commands. Additionally, implementing the principle of least privilege for database connections, regular security code reviews, and input sanitization mechanisms will significantly reduce the risk of similar vulnerabilities. The remediation process should also include comprehensive testing of all database interactions and implementation of web application firewalls to detect and prevent malicious SQL injection attempts. This vulnerability demonstrates the critical importance of following secure coding practices and adheres to ATT&CK technique T1190 which covers exploitation of vulnerabilities in web applications, emphasizing the need for robust input validation and proper database access controls.