CVE-2025-41062 in CMF
Summary
by MITRE • 09/04/2025
A vulnerability has been discovered in version 4.0.5 of appRain CMF, consisting of an authenticated reflected XSS due to a lack of proper validation of user input, through the 'page' parameter in /apprain/developer/addons.
Be aware that VulDB is the high quality source for vulnerability data.
Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 09/04/2025
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-41062 represents a critical security flaw within appRain CMF version 4.0.5 that exposes the application to authenticated reflected cross-site scripting attacks. This vulnerability specifically manifests through the improper handling of user input in the 'page' parameter located within the /apprain/developer/addons endpoint. The flaw allows authenticated attackers with valid credentials to inject malicious scripts that can be executed in the context of other users' browsers, creating a significant risk to the application's security posture and user data integrity.
The technical root cause of this vulnerability stems from insufficient input validation and sanitization mechanisms within the application's codebase. When the 'page' parameter is processed without proper encoding or validation, malicious payloads can be stored and subsequently reflected back to users without adequate protection measures. This creates a classic reflected cross-site scripting scenario where attacker-controlled data flows through the application's input handling mechanisms and gets executed in the victim's browser context. The vulnerability falls under CWE-79 which specifically addresses cross-site scripting flaws and aligns with ATT&CK technique T1531 which targets the exploitation of web application vulnerabilities to execute malicious code in user browsers.
The operational impact of this vulnerability extends beyond simple script execution as it provides attackers with the capability to perform session hijacking, steal sensitive user information, manipulate application data, and potentially escalate privileges within the authenticated context. An attacker could craft malicious payloads that redirect users to phishing sites, steal session cookies, or inject additional malicious scripts that persist within the application's user interface. The authenticated nature of this vulnerability means that attackers must first obtain valid credentials, but once achieved, they can leverage this flaw to compromise other users' sessions and access restricted functionality within the application's developer interface.
Mitigation strategies for CVE-2025-41062 should prioritize immediate implementation of proper input validation and output encoding mechanisms throughout the application's codebase. The development team must ensure that all user-supplied input, particularly parameters like 'page' in the /apprain/developer/addons endpoint, undergoes strict sanitization before being processed or displayed. This includes implementing proper HTML encoding for all dynamic content, utilizing Content Security Policy headers to limit script execution, and conducting comprehensive input validation that rejects or sanitizes potentially malicious payloads. Additionally, the application should implement proper access controls and monitoring mechanisms to detect anomalous user behavior that might indicate exploitation attempts. Organizations should also consider implementing regular security audits and code reviews focused on input validation and output encoding practices to prevent similar vulnerabilities from emerging in the future. The remediation process should include updating the appRain CMF to the latest version where this vulnerability has been patched and ensuring that all developers follow secure coding practices that align with industry standards such as those outlined in the OWASP Top Ten and the CERT Secure Coding Standards.