CVE-2025-4291 in IdeaCMS
Summary
by MITRE • 05/06/2025
A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, was found in IdeaCMS up to 1.6. Affected is the function saveUpload. The manipulation leads to unrestricted upload. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.
If you want to get best quality of vulnerability data, you may have to visit VulDB.
Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 10/03/2025
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-4291 represents a critical security flaw in IdeaCMS version 1.6 and earlier, specifically within the saveUpload function that enables unrestricted file uploads. This vulnerability resides in the core file handling mechanism of the content management system, creating a pathway for attackers to bypass normal upload restrictions and execute malicious code. The flaw stems from inadequate input validation and sanitization processes that fail to properly verify file types, content, or execution permissions before storing uploaded files on the server. The vulnerability is classified as critical due to its potential for remote code execution and the ease with which it can be exploited by threat actors who have already made the exploit publicly available. The unrestricted upload capability allows attackers to upload malicious files such as web shells, scripts, or binary executables that can be executed within the web server context, fundamentally compromising the entire system.
The technical implementation of this vulnerability involves the saveUpload function failing to enforce proper file type validation, size limitations, or content inspection mechanisms. Attackers can manipulate the upload process by sending specially crafted requests that bypass client-side validation and server-side checks, allowing them to upload files with dangerous extensions or content that can be executed by the web server. This flaw typically occurs when the application does not properly sanitize file names, does not verify file content against expected formats, or fails to implement proper file storage segregation. The vulnerability is particularly dangerous because it operates at the application layer, allowing attackers to execute code with the privileges of the web server process, which often includes database access and system-level permissions. The exploitability is further enhanced by the fact that it can be launched remotely without requiring authentication, making it a prime target for automated attacks and exploit kits.
The operational impact of CVE-2025-4291 extends far beyond simple data compromise, as it provides attackers with persistent access to the affected system and its underlying infrastructure. Once exploited, attackers can establish backdoors, exfiltrate sensitive data, perform lateral movement within the network, and potentially escalate privileges to gain administrative control over the entire CMS installation. The vulnerability creates an attack surface that can be leveraged for various malicious activities including but not limited to defacement, data theft, cryptocurrency mining, or as a staging point for further attacks on the broader network infrastructure. Organizations running affected versions of IdeaCMS face significant risk of complete system compromise, data loss, and potential regulatory violations if sensitive information is accessed or exfiltrated through this vulnerability. The public disclosure of the exploit means that automated scanning tools can quickly identify vulnerable systems, increasing the probability of exploitation and making the window of opportunity for defenders extremely limited.
Mitigation strategies for CVE-2025-4291 require immediate action to patch the vulnerable saveUpload function and implement comprehensive file upload restrictions. Organizations should prioritize updating to the latest version of IdeaCMS that addresses this vulnerability, while implementing additional security controls such as proper file type validation, content inspection, and secure file storage practices. The recommended approach includes implementing strict file extension whitelisting, performing MIME type validation, sanitizing file names, and storing uploaded files outside the web root directory to prevent direct execution. Security measures should also include input validation at multiple layers, proper access controls, and monitoring for suspicious upload activities. According to CWE guidelines, this vulnerability maps to CWE-434 which specifically addresses unrestricted upload of file with dangerous type, and aligns with ATT&CK techniques such as T1190 for Exploit Public-Facing Application and T1059 for Command and Scripting Interpreter. Organizations should also consider implementing web application firewalls, intrusion detection systems, and regular security assessments to prevent similar vulnerabilities from being exploited in the future.