CVE-2025-44838 in CPE CP900
Summary
by MITRE • 05/01/2025
TOTOLINK CPE CP900 V6.3c.1144_B20190715 was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability in the setUploadUserData function via the FileName parameter. This vulnerability allows attackers to execute arbitrary commands via a crafted request.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 05/26/2025
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-44838 represents a critical command injection flaw within the TOTOLINK CPE CP900 router firmware version V6.3c.1144_B20190715. This issue resides in the setUploadUserData function where the FileName parameter is improperly validated and processed, creating an avenue for malicious actors to execute arbitrary commands on the affected device. The vulnerability stems from insufficient input sanitization and improper handling of user-supplied data, allowing attackers to inject malicious commands that are subsequently executed with the privileges of the affected application. This particular implementation flaw demonstrates a classic lack of proper parameter validation and input filtering that has been documented in numerous security frameworks including CWE-77 and CWE-94, which specifically address command injection vulnerabilities and improper input validation respectively.
The operational impact of this vulnerability extends beyond simple unauthorized command execution, as it provides attackers with potentially full system control over the affected router. An attacker who successfully exploits this vulnerability can execute arbitrary code with the privileges of the web server process, potentially leading to complete system compromise including unauthorized network access, data exfiltration, and the ability to modify router configurations. The vulnerability affects the router's web interface functionality where users can upload data, making it particularly dangerous as it can be exploited through normal user interaction with the device's management interface. This attack vector aligns with ATT&CK technique T1059.001 for command and script injection, and T1566 for phishing with malicious attachments, as attackers could craft malicious upload requests to exploit this vulnerability.
Security implications of this vulnerability are severe given that routers serve as critical network infrastructure components that often have elevated privileges and direct access to internal network resources. The command injection vulnerability could enable attackers to establish persistent backdoors, modify routing tables, redirect traffic, or even create unauthorized network access points. The affected firmware version suggests this is likely an older model that may not receive regular security updates, making it more susceptible to exploitation. Organizations relying on this equipment face significant risk of network infiltration and potential data breaches. The vulnerability's presence in a web-based upload function indicates that exploitation could occur through simple web browser interaction, requiring minimal technical expertise from attackers. Mitigation efforts should focus on immediate firmware updates from TOTOLINK if available, network segmentation to limit access to affected devices, and implementation of network monitoring to detect suspicious command execution patterns. Additionally, security professionals should consider implementing web application firewalls to filter malicious upload requests and establish network access controls that restrict administrative access to only trusted sources. The vulnerability demonstrates the critical importance of proper input validation and output encoding in web applications, particularly those handling user-supplied data in network infrastructure devices that require robust security measures to prevent unauthorized access and system compromise.