CVE-2025-44841 in CA600-PoE
Summary
by MITRE • 05/01/2025
TOTOLINK CA600-PoE V5.3c.6665_B20180820 was found to contain a command injection vulnerability in the CloudSrvUserdataVersionCheck function via the version parameter. This vulnerability allows attackers to execute arbitrary commands via a crafted request.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 05/26/2025
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-44841 affects the TOTOLINK CA600-PoE router model running firmware version V5.3c.6665_B20180820. This issue resides within the CloudSrvUserdataVersionCheck function where the version parameter is processed without adequate input validation or sanitization. The flaw represents a critical security weakness that enables remote command execution capabilities, making it particularly dangerous for network infrastructure devices. The vulnerability affects the device's cloud service functionality where user data version checking occurs, creating an attack surface that can be exploited by malicious actors without requiring physical access or authentication credentials.
The technical implementation of this command injection vulnerability stems from improper handling of user-supplied input within the CloudSrvUserdataVersionCheck function. When the version parameter is passed to this function, the system fails to properly sanitize or validate the input before incorporating it into system commands. This lack of input validation creates a direct pathway for attackers to inject malicious commands that will be executed with the privileges of the affected service. The vulnerability aligns with CWE-77 which specifically addresses command injection flaws in software systems, where user-controllable data is improperly integrated into command execution contexts. Attackers can craft malicious requests containing shell metacharacters and command separators that will be interpreted and executed by the underlying operating system.
The operational impact of this vulnerability extends beyond simple remote code execution to encompass complete system compromise and potential network infiltration. An attacker who successfully exploits this vulnerability can gain full administrative control over the affected router, potentially leading to unauthorized network access, data exfiltration, or the establishment of persistent backdoors. The device's role as a network gateway makes it a prime target for attackers seeking to establish footholds within larger network environments. This vulnerability also poses significant risk to organizations relying on the device for network security, as it could be used to bypass firewall rules, modify network configurations, or redirect traffic to malicious endpoints. The attack vector requires only a network connection to the device's web interface, making it particularly accessible to remote threat actors.
Mitigation strategies for CVE-2025-44841 should prioritize immediate firmware updates from TOTOLINK if available, as this represents the most effective defense against exploitation. Network administrators should implement strict network segmentation to limit access to affected devices and monitor for suspicious network traffic patterns that might indicate exploitation attempts. The implementation of web application firewalls and input validation controls can provide additional layers of protection by filtering malicious payloads before they reach the vulnerable function. Security monitoring should focus on detecting unusual command execution patterns and unauthorized configuration changes within the affected device. Organizations should also consider disabling unnecessary cloud services and ensuring that only authorized personnel have access to the device's management interfaces. From an ATT&CK framework perspective, this vulnerability maps to techniques involving command and control communications and privilege escalation, making it a critical target for both defensive and offensive security operations.