CVE-2025-44842 in CA600-PoE
Summary
by MITRE • 05/01/2025
TOTOLINK CA600-PoE V5.3c.6665_B20180820 was found to contain a command injection vulnerability in the msg_process function via the Port parameter. This vulnerability allows attackers to execute arbitrary commands via a crafted request.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 05/25/2025
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-44842 affects the TOTOLINK CA600-PoE V5.3c.6665_B20180820 device firmware, representing a critical command injection flaw within the msg_process function that processes network port parameters. This vulnerability resides in the device's web interface handling mechanism where user-supplied input from the Port parameter is inadequately sanitized or validated before being processed. The flaw enables remote attackers to inject malicious commands that are subsequently executed within the device's operating environment, potentially compromising the entire network infrastructure. The vulnerability stems from improper input validation practices that fail to properly filter or escape special characters that could be interpreted as command delimiters or operators by the underlying shell or system call mechanisms.
The technical exploitation of this vulnerability occurs when an attacker crafts a malicious HTTP request containing specially formatted data in the Port parameter field. The msg_process function fails to implement proper input sanitization or parameter validation, allowing the injected commands to bypass normal security controls and execute with the privileges of the web server process. This type of vulnerability falls under CWE-77 which specifically addresses command injection flaws in software applications. The attack vector is particularly concerning as it can be executed remotely without requiring authentication, making it accessible to any attacker who can reach the device's web interface. The underlying system architecture likely employs shell command execution for processing network configuration parameters, creating an inherent risk when user input is directly incorporated into system calls without proper sanitization.
The operational impact of this vulnerability extends far beyond simple unauthorized command execution, as it provides attackers with complete control over the affected device's functionality and potentially the entire network segment it manages. Successful exploitation could enable attackers to modify network configurations, establish persistent backdoors, monitor network traffic, or even use the device as a pivot point to attack other systems within the network. The vulnerability also poses significant risks to network availability and integrity, as attackers could potentially disrupt services or cause the device to malfunction through malicious command injection. From an attacker's perspective, this vulnerability aligns with ATT&CK technique T1059.001 which covers command and scripting interpreter execution, making it a valuable tool for lateral movement and persistence within compromised networks.
Security mitigation strategies should focus on immediate firmware updates from TOTOLINK to address the root cause of the command injection vulnerability. Network segmentation and access controls should be implemented to limit exposure of the device to untrusted networks, while monitoring systems should be deployed to detect anomalous command execution patterns. The device should be configured to disable unnecessary web management interfaces and restrict access to authorized personnel only. Input validation mechanisms should be strengthened to properly sanitize all user-supplied parameters, particularly those used in system command execution contexts. Organizations should also implement network intrusion detection systems capable of identifying suspicious HTTP requests containing command injection patterns, and establish regular security assessments to identify similar vulnerabilities in network infrastructure devices. The vulnerability demonstrates the critical importance of secure coding practices and input validation in embedded network devices, as highlighted by industry standards emphasizing the need for proper sanitization of user inputs in all system call contexts.