CVE-2025-4537 in RuoYi-Vue
Summary
by MITRE • 05/11/2025
A vulnerability was found in yangzongzhuan RuoYi-Vue up to 3.8.9 and classified as problematic. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the file ruoyi-ui/jsencrypt.js and ruoyi-ui/login.vue of the component Password Handler. The manipulation leads to cleartext storage of sensitive information in a cookie. The attack may be launched remotely. The complexity of an attack is rather high. The exploitation is known to be difficult. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 05/11/2025
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-4537 affects the yangzongzhuan RuoYi-Vue framework version 3.8.9 and earlier, representing a critical security flaw in the password handling component. This issue resides within the ruoyi-ui/jsencrypt.js and ruoyi-ui/login.vue files, specifically in the Password Handler functionality that manages user authentication processes. The vulnerability stems from improper handling of sensitive data during the authentication flow, creating a persistent security risk that extends beyond the immediate login process.
The technical flaw manifests as cleartext storage of sensitive information within browser cookies, a practice that directly violates security best practices and industry standards. This implementation flaw allows attackers to capture and decode authentication tokens or credentials that should remain encrypted or properly secured during transmission and storage. The vulnerability specifically impacts the Password Handler component, which is responsible for managing user authentication states and session management within the application's frontend interface. The use of cleartext storage in cookies creates an exploitable vector that can persist across user sessions, potentially enabling long-term unauthorized access to protected resources.
The operational impact of this vulnerability extends beyond simple credential theft, as it creates a persistent backdoor for attackers who can leverage the stored cleartext information to maintain access to the application. Remote exploitation is possible through network-based attacks that can intercept and manipulate the authentication flow, making this vulnerability particularly dangerous for web applications that rely on browser-based authentication mechanisms. The attack complexity is rated as high due to the need for sophisticated exploitation techniques that must account for the specific implementation details of the RuoYi-Vue framework's authentication handling, though the public disclosure of exploit information significantly reduces the barrier to successful exploitation.
Security professionals should consider this vulnerability in relation to CWE-312 (Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information) and CWE-522 (Insufficiently Protected Credentials) which directly address the improper handling of sensitive data in storage mechanisms. The attack surface aligns with ATT&CK techniques involving credential access and persistence, particularly T1566 (Phishing for Credentials) and T1078 (Valid Accounts) where attackers can leverage stored credentials to maintain access to systems. Organizations using RuoYi-Vue framework versions up to 3.8.9 should immediately implement mitigations including proper encryption of sensitive data in cookies, implementation of secure HTTP headers, and regular security assessments of authentication components. The public disclosure of exploitation techniques means that organizations should prioritize patching or implementing compensating controls as the vulnerability is already known to malicious actors and poses an immediate risk to affected systems.