CVE-2025-4581 in Liferay
Summary
by MITRE • 08/09/2025
Liferay Portal 7.4.0 through 7.4.3.132, and Liferay DXP 2025.Q1.0 through 2025.Q1.4 ,2024.Q4.0 through 2024.Q4.7, 2024.Q3.1 through 2024.Q3.13, 2024.Q2.0 through 2024.Q2.13, 2024.Q1.1 through 2024.Q1.15, 7.4 GA through update 92 allows a pre-authentication blind SSRF vulnerability in the portal-settings-authentication-opensso-web due to improper validation of user-supplied URLs. An attacker can exploit this issue to force the server to make arbitrary HTTP requests to internal systems, potentially leading to internal network enumeration or further exploitation.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 12/17/2025
This vulnerability exists within Liferay Portal and Liferay DXP products where the portal-settings-authentication-opensso-web component fails to properly validate user-supplied URLs during authentication processes. The flaw allows for a pre-authentication blind server-side request forgery attack that can be exploited without requiring valid credentials. The vulnerability affects specific version ranges including Liferay Portal 7.4.0 through 7.4.3.132 and Liferay DXP 2025.Q1.0 through 2025.Q1.4, along with multiple quarterly releases from 2024, all the way through 2024.Q4.7 and 2024.Q3.13, 2024.Q2.13, and 2024.Q1.15, with Liferay Portal 7.4 GA through update 92. This represents a critical security gap that enables attackers to manipulate the application's behavior by forcing it to initiate HTTP requests to arbitrary destinations.
The technical implementation of this vulnerability stems from insufficient input validation within the OpenSSO authentication web component. When users provide URLs for authentication purposes, the system does not adequately sanitize or validate these inputs, allowing malicious actors to inject URLs that point to internal network resources. This blind SSRF vulnerability operates without requiring authentication, meaning any remote attacker can exploit it from outside the network perimeter. The vulnerability is categorized under CWE-918 Server-Side Request Forgery, which is classified as a critical weakness in web applications that allow server-side requests to be made to arbitrary destinations. The attack vector specifically leverages the authentication mechanism where the application accepts user-provided URLs without proper validation, creating a pathway for internal system enumeration and potential further exploitation.
The operational impact of this vulnerability is significant as it enables attackers to perform internal network reconnaissance without requiring valid user credentials or network access. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to enumerate internal systems, services, and resources that would otherwise be protected by network firewalls and access controls. This blind SSRF capability allows for the discovery of internal IP addresses, service endpoints, and potentially vulnerable internal applications that reside behind the network perimeter. The vulnerability can be exploited to gain information about internal network topology, identify running services, and potentially discover additional attack vectors. This makes the vulnerability particularly dangerous as it can serve as a reconnaissance tool for more sophisticated attacks, including potential exploitation of internal services that may not be directly exposed to the internet. The impact extends beyond simple enumeration as the vulnerability can be chained with other exploits to achieve more severe consequences.
Organizations affected by this vulnerability should immediately apply the available patches and updates from Liferay to remediate the issue. The recommended mitigation strategy includes implementing network segmentation and access controls to limit the potential impact of successful exploitation attempts. Additionally, organizations should deploy web application firewalls and implement proper input validation controls to prevent malicious URL inputs from reaching the vulnerable components. Security monitoring should be enhanced to detect unusual outbound network requests from the affected systems, particularly those targeting internal network resources. The vulnerability aligns with ATT&CK technique T1566.002 for server-side request forgery and T1046 for network service scanning, making it a critical concern for organizations following standard threat modeling frameworks. Regular security assessments and penetration testing should be conducted to identify similar vulnerabilities in other components of the application stack. Organizations should also consider implementing network access controls and firewall rules to restrict outbound connections from the affected systems to prevent unauthorized internal network access. The vulnerability demonstrates the importance of proper input validation and secure coding practices in authentication mechanisms, as highlighted in industry standards such as OWASP Top Ten and NIST cybersecurity frameworks.