CVE-2025-45844 in NR1800X
Summary
by MITRE • 05/08/2025
TOTOLINK NR1800X V9.1.0u.6681_B20230703 was discovered to contain an authenticated stack overflow via the ssid parameter in the setWiFiBasicCfg function.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 05/08/2025
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-45844 affects the TOTOLINK NR1800X router firmware version V9.1.0u.6681_B20230703, representing a critical stack overflow flaw that can be exploited through authenticated network access. This vulnerability resides within the setWiFiBasicCfg function, which processes wireless configuration parameters including the ssid parameter that controls the network name. The flaw manifests when the system fails to properly validate input length and encoding for the ssid parameter, creating an opportunity for attackers with legitimate credentials to inject malicious data that overflows the allocated stack buffer.
The technical implementation of this vulnerability aligns with CWE-121, which describes stack-based buffer overflow conditions where insufficient bounds checking allows attackers to overwrite adjacent memory locations. The specific function setWiFiBasicCfg appears to use unsafe string handling routines that do not adequately verify the length of the ssid parameter before copying it into fixed-size stack buffers. This creates a predictable memory corruption scenario that can be leveraged for arbitrary code execution or system instability. The authenticated nature of the vulnerability means that an attacker must first establish valid credentials to access the router's web interface or API endpoints, but once authenticated, they can exploit this flaw without requiring additional privileges or network-level access.
The operational impact of this vulnerability extends beyond simple denial-of-service conditions, as stack overflow exploits can potentially lead to complete system compromise. Attackers could leverage this flaw to execute arbitrary commands on the affected device, potentially gaining persistent access to the network infrastructure. The router's wireless functionality becomes a vector for broader network attacks, as compromised access to the wireless configuration could enable attackers to manipulate network settings, redirect traffic, or establish backdoors. This vulnerability particularly impacts enterprise and home network environments where wireless routers serve as primary network access points, creating potential for widespread disruption or unauthorized network infiltration.
Mitigation strategies for CVE-2025-45844 should prioritize immediate firmware updates from TOTOLINK, as the vendor would need to implement proper input validation and buffer management within the setWiFiBasicCfg function. Network administrators should enforce strict access controls and credential management practices, including regular password rotation and multi-factor authentication where possible. The vulnerability demonstrates the importance of secure coding practices and input validation as outlined in the OWASP Top Ten security risks, specifically addressing injection flaws that can lead to buffer overflows. Organizations should also implement network monitoring to detect unusual wireless configuration changes or unauthorized access attempts to their router management interfaces, as this type of vulnerability often leaves detectable traces in network logs and system audit trails.