CVE-2025-45845 in NR1800X
Summary
by MITRE • 05/08/2025
TOTOLINK NR1800X V9.1.0u.6681_B20230703 was discovered to contain an authenticated stack overflow via the ssid5g parameter in the setWiFiEasyGuestCfg function.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 05/08/2025
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-45845 affects the TOTOLINK NR1800X router firmware version V9.1.0u.6681_B20230703 and represents a critical stack overflow flaw that can be exploited through authenticated network access. This vulnerability resides within the setWiFiEasyGuestCfg function, which handles guest network configuration parameters. The specific parameter ssid5g serves as the attack vector, allowing an authenticated attacker to manipulate the wireless network settings and potentially execute arbitrary code on the device. The stack overflow occurs when the firmware fails to properly validate or sanitize the input provided in the ssid5g parameter, leading to memory corruption that can be leveraged for privilege escalation or system compromise.
The technical nature of this vulnerability aligns with CWE-121, which describes stack-based buffer overflow conditions where insufficient boundary checking allows attackers to overwrite adjacent memory locations. The flaw demonstrates characteristics of CWE-79, indicating potential cross-site scripting vulnerabilities in the web interface, though the primary concern here is the authenticated stack overflow that could enable remote code execution. This vulnerability operates under the attack pattern described in MITRE ATT&CK technique T1068, which covers "Exploitation for Privilege Escalation" and T1210, "Exploitation of Remote Services," highlighting how authenticated users can leverage this weakness to gain elevated privileges within the network infrastructure.
The operational impact of this vulnerability extends beyond simple network disruption, as it allows for complete system compromise when exploited by an authenticated attacker. The router serves as a central network hub, making it a prime target for attackers seeking persistent access to the network. Once exploited, the attacker could gain access to all connected devices, potentially enabling man-in-the-middle attacks, data interception, or use of the device as a pivot point for further network exploration. The vulnerability affects both the 5GHz wireless network configuration and could impact the overall network security posture, particularly in environments where guest networks are used for untrusted device access.
Mitigation strategies for this vulnerability should include immediate firmware updates from TOTOLINK, as the vendor should provide a patched version addressing the buffer overflow in the setWiFiEasyGuestCfg function. Network administrators should also implement strict access controls limiting who can access the router's administrative interface and consider disabling guest network features if they are not essential. Additional security measures include monitoring for unusual network traffic patterns that might indicate exploitation attempts, implementing network segmentation to limit the impact if compromise occurs, and maintaining regular security audits of network infrastructure devices. Organizations should also consider network intrusion detection systems that can identify anomalous behavior consistent with exploitation attempts of known buffer overflow vulnerabilities. The vulnerability underscores the importance of secure coding practices and input validation, particularly in web-based administrative interfaces where user-supplied parameters are processed without adequate sanitization.