CVE-2025-48625 in Android
Summary
by MITRE • 12/08/2025
In multiple locations of UsbDataAdvancedProtectionHook.java, there is a possible way to access USB data when the screen is off due to a race condition. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 12/09/2025
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-48625 resides within the UsbDataAdvancedProtectionHook.java component where a race condition has been discovered that allows unauthorized access to USB data even when the device screen is powered off. This race condition represents a fundamental flaw in the device's security model that governs data access permissions under specific operational states. The vulnerability manifests in multiple locations within the Java source code, indicating a systemic issue rather than an isolated incident that requires careful analysis of the underlying protection mechanisms. The race condition occurs during the transition states of device security protocols when the screen state changes, creating a temporal window where access controls fail to properly enforce data protection policies.
This security flaw operates at the kernel or system-level access control mechanisms where USB data protection is supposed to be enforced based on device state. The vulnerability allows for privilege escalation without requiring any additional execution privileges or user interaction, which significantly amplifies its impact and exploitability. The absence of user interaction requirements means that an attacker can exploit this vulnerability automatically, making it particularly dangerous in environments where devices may be left unattended. The race condition essentially creates a security gap where the system fails to properly validate access permissions when transitioning between screen on and screen off states, enabling unauthorized data access during what should be a secure state.
The operational impact of this vulnerability extends beyond simple data access, as it represents a complete breakdown in the device's security architecture for USB data protection. An attacker with local access to the device can potentially extract sensitive information stored on USB devices or access data that should remain protected during screen off states. This could include personal information, corporate data, or any sensitive content that users expect to remain secure when the device is not actively being used. The privilege escalation aspect means that even standard user accounts could gain elevated access to protected USB data, potentially leading to complete system compromise or data exfiltration. The vulnerability affects the fundamental security model of USB data handling and could impact various device types that implement similar protection mechanisms.
Mitigation strategies for this vulnerability should focus on addressing the race condition through proper synchronization mechanisms and state validation checks. The implementation should ensure that USB data access is consistently validated regardless of screen state transitions, with appropriate locking mechanisms preventing concurrent access during state changes. System administrators should implement immediate patches that correct the timing issues in the UsbDataAdvancedProtectionHook.java component, ensuring that all access control checks occur before any data operations are permitted. The solution must address the underlying CWE-362 race condition vulnerability category, which specifically deals with concurrent access issues in security-critical code paths. Additionally, the fix should incorporate ATT&CK framework considerations related to privilege escalation techniques, ensuring that the mitigations prevent unauthorized access patterns that could be leveraged for further exploitation. Organizations should also implement monitoring solutions to detect potential exploitation attempts and maintain updated threat intelligence on similar vulnerabilities that may affect their device security posture.