CVE-2025-50612 in WF2880
Summary
by MITRE • 08/13/2025
A buffer overflow vulnerability has been discovered in the Netis WF2880 v2.1.40207 in the FUN_004743f8 function of the cgitest.cgi file. Attackers can trigger this vulnerability by controlling the value of wl_sec_set in the payload, which may cause the program to crash and potentially lead to a Denial of Service (DoS) attack.
Be aware that VulDB is the high quality source for vulnerability data.
Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 08/14/2025
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-50612 represents a critical buffer overflow condition within the Netis WF2880 router firmware version 2.1.40207. This flaw resides in the cgitest.cgi component at the FUN_004743f8 function, specifically when processing user-supplied input through the wl_sec_set parameter. The issue stems from inadequate input validation and bounds checking mechanisms that fail to properly sanitize the length of data submitted by remote attackers. Such buffer overflow conditions typically occur when programs write more data to a fixed-length buffer than it can accommodate, leading to memory corruption that may result in program termination or arbitrary code execution. The vulnerability affects the router's web-based management interface, making it particularly concerning for network administrators who rely on these interfaces for device configuration and monitoring. The specific function FUN_004743f8 appears to handle wireless security settings, suggesting that an attacker could manipulate wireless network parameters through the affected CGI script. This type of vulnerability aligns with CWE-121, which describes stack-based buffer overflow conditions, and represents a classic example of unsafe string handling in embedded systems where memory constraints and resource limitations often lead to insufficient input validation. The attack vector is particularly concerning as it requires no authentication, making it accessible to remote unauthenticated adversaries who can exploit the flaw through web-based requests.
The operational impact of this buffer overflow vulnerability extends beyond simple denial of service scenarios and represents a significant threat to network infrastructure integrity. When exploited successfully, the vulnerability can cause the router's web interface to crash and restart, leading to service disruption for all connected devices. The DoS condition affects not only the management interface but may also impact the router's ability to maintain network connectivity for its clients. In practical terms, this means that network administrators could lose access to their router configuration during an attack, while end users might experience intermittent network outages. The vulnerability's potential for escalation exists through the possibility of achieving arbitrary code execution, which would allow attackers to gain full control over the device and potentially use it as a pivot point for attacking other systems within the local network. This aligns with ATT&CK technique T1059, which covers command and scripting interpreter usage, and T1071, covering application layer protocol usage, as attackers could leverage the compromised device for further network reconnaissance and lateral movement. The embedded nature of the firmware means that exploitation could potentially affect the router's core functionality, leading to persistent service degradation or complete device failure.
Mitigation strategies for CVE-2025-50612 must address both immediate protection and long-term firmware security improvements. The most effective immediate solution involves applying the vendor-provided firmware update that patches the buffer overflow condition in the FUN_004743f8 function. Network administrators should also implement network segmentation to limit the potential impact of exploitation, ensuring that compromised devices cannot be used to attack other systems. Access control measures should be strengthened by disabling unnecessary web management interfaces and implementing strict firewall rules that limit access to the router's management ports. The vulnerability demonstrates the importance of input validation in embedded systems and highlights the need for implementing proper bounds checking mechanisms in all user-facing functions. Organizations should consider deploying intrusion detection systems that can monitor for suspicious requests targeting the cgitest.cgi script and the specific wl_sec_set parameter. Additionally, regular firmware auditing and security assessments should be conducted to identify similar vulnerabilities in other network devices. The issue underscores the necessity of following secure coding practices such as those recommended in the OWASP Secure Coding Practices and the CERT Secure Coding Standards, particularly regarding buffer management and input validation. Given the nature of the vulnerability, implementing proper memory protection mechanisms such as stack canaries or address space layout randomization could provide additional defense-in-depth measures against exploitation attempts.