CVE-2025-51452 in A7000R
Summary
by MITRE • 08/13/2025
In TOTOLINK A7000R firmware 9.1.0u.6115_B20201022, an attacker can bypass login by sending a specific request through formLoginAuth.htm.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 08/14/2025
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-51452 affects the TOTOLINK A7000R router firmware version 9.1.0u.6115_B20201022 and represents a critical authentication bypass flaw that allows unauthenticated attackers to gain administrative access to the device. This issue resides within the web-based management interface of the router, specifically targeting the formLoginAuth.htm component which handles user authentication requests. The vulnerability stems from insufficient input validation and improper session management mechanisms that fail to properly verify the legitimacy of authentication requests.
The technical implementation of this flaw involves the manipulation of authentication parameters sent to the formLoginAuth.htm endpoint. Attackers can construct specific HTTP requests that bypass the normal login validation process by exploiting weaknesses in how the firmware processes authentication tokens and session identifiers. This allows unauthorized users to access the administrative interface without providing valid credentials, effectively rendering the device's built-in authentication mechanisms ineffective. The vulnerability is particularly concerning as it operates at the application layer and requires no prior authentication to exploit, making it highly accessible to attackers with basic network reconnaissance capabilities.
From an operational impact perspective, this authentication bypass vulnerability presents a severe threat to network security infrastructure. Once exploited, attackers gain full administrative control over the router, enabling them to modify network configurations, implement man-in-the-middle attacks, redirect traffic, disable security features, and potentially establish persistent backdoors. The compromised device can serve as a launch point for broader network infiltration activities, allowing attackers to pivot to other systems within the local network. This vulnerability directly violates the principle of least privilege and undermines the fundamental security posture of any organization relying on TOTOLINK A7000R devices for network access control.
The vulnerability aligns with CWE-287 which addresses improper authentication issues in software systems, and maps to ATT&CK technique T1078.004 for valid accounts and T1566 for spearphishing with a malicious attachment or link. Organizations should immediately implement mitigations including firmware updates from TOTOLINK, network segmentation to isolate affected devices, and monitoring for suspicious authentication attempts. Additional protective measures involve disabling unnecessary remote management features, implementing strong network access controls, and conducting regular security assessments of network infrastructure components. The vulnerability demonstrates the critical importance of maintaining up-to-date firmware and conducting thorough security testing of network equipment to prevent exploitation of authentication bypass flaws that could compromise entire network infrastructures.