CVE-2025-5151 in introspect
Summary
by MITRE • 05/25/2025
A vulnerability classified as critical has been found in defog-ai introspect up to 0.1.4. This affects the function execute_analysis_code_safely of the file introspect/backend/tools/analysis_tools.py. The manipulation of the argument code leads to code injection. It is possible to launch the attack on the local host. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The patch is named 502. It is recommended to apply a patch to fix this issue. The code maintainer explains, that "[they] have added some workarounds to address this in #502, but will not be implementing a full fix. This is because this repo is meant to be run in a docker environment, which will significantly mitigate potential security risks. Having said that, we have added a SECURITY section in our README to make this clearer to users."
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 06/03/2025
CVE-2025-5151 represents a critical code injection vulnerability within the defog-ai introspect framework version 0.1.4, specifically affecting the execute_analysis_code_safely function in introspect/backend/tools/analysis_tools.py. This vulnerability stems from inadequate input validation and sanitization of the code argument parameter, creating a direct path for malicious code execution. The flaw allows attackers to inject arbitrary code that will be executed within the context of the application, potentially compromising the entire system since the attack can be launched locally on the host machine. The vulnerability's classification as critical reflects the severe implications of code injection attacks, which can enable full system compromise, data exfiltration, and persistence mechanisms.
The technical implementation of this vulnerability aligns with CWE-94, which describes the weakness of "Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')" in software systems. This weakness occurs when user-supplied data is incorporated into executable code without proper validation or sanitization, creating opportunities for attackers to manipulate program behavior. The attack vector is particularly concerning as it operates entirely within the local environment, eliminating the need for network-based exploitation and potentially bypassing traditional network security controls. The vulnerability's disclosure status indicates that malicious actors have already developed working exploits, increasing the urgency for remediation.
The operational impact of CVE-2025-5151 extends beyond simple code execution, potentially enabling attackers to perform privilege escalation, establish persistent backdoors, and access sensitive data processed by the introspect framework. The local execution nature of the attack means that any user with access to the system can leverage this vulnerability, making it particularly dangerous in multi-user environments or when the application runs with elevated privileges. Organizations relying on this framework for data analysis and processing face significant risks including data breaches, system compromise, and potential regulatory violations. The vulnerability's exploitation can lead to complete system takeover and unauthorized access to all data handled by the application.
Security practitioners should implement immediate mitigations while the permanent solution is being developed. The recommended approach includes applying the patch referenced as #502, which provides workarounds to address the vulnerability. However, given that the maintainers have indicated they will not implement a full fix due to the docker environment assumption, organizations must consider additional protective measures such as network segmentation, privilege restriction, and monitoring for suspicious code execution patterns. The docker environment mitigation mentioned in the patch documentation aligns with ATT&CK technique T1059.001 for Command and Scripting Interpreter, emphasizing that containerization can provide some protection but does not eliminate the risk entirely. Organizations should also implement input validation controls, application whitelisting, and regular security assessments to reduce exposure to this critical vulnerability.