CVE-2025-52284 in X6000R
Summary
by MITRE • 07/29/2025
Totolink X6000R V9.4.0cu.1360_B20241207 was found to contain a command injection vulnerability in the sub_4184C0 function via the tz parameter. This vulnerability allows unauthenticated attackers to execute arbitrary commands via a crafted request.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 08/07/2025
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-52284 affects the Totolink X6000R router firmware version V9.4.0cu.1360_B20241207, representing a critical command injection flaw within the device's web interface. This vulnerability resides in the sub_4184C0 function where the tz parameter is processed without adequate input validation or sanitization, creating an exploitable condition that enables remote code execution. The flaw demonstrates characteristics consistent with CWE-77 and CWE-94, both of which classify command injection vulnerabilities as serious security weaknesses that allow attackers to execute arbitrary system commands through improperly validated user inputs. The affected device operates under a web-based management interface that processes user-supplied parameters, making it susceptible to manipulation by unauthenticated threat actors who can craft malicious requests to exploit this vulnerability.
The technical exploitation of this vulnerability occurs when an attacker submits a specially crafted request containing malicious command sequences through the tz parameter in the sub_4184C0 function. This function likely performs system calls or executes shell commands without proper input filtering, allowing attackers to inject operating system commands directly into the execution pipeline. The vulnerability's unauthenticated nature significantly amplifies its impact, as it requires no prior authorization or credentials to exploit, making it particularly dangerous for devices deployed in public or unsecured network environments. The attack vector typically involves sending HTTP requests with malicious payloads through the web interface, potentially leveraging techniques described in the ATT&CK framework under T1059.001 for command and script injection. The vulnerability's presence in a router firmware indicates that the device's underlying operating system and network services are exposed to direct command execution, potentially allowing attackers to gain full administrative control over the device.
The operational impact of this vulnerability extends beyond simple remote code execution, as it provides attackers with complete control over the affected router's functionality and network configuration capabilities. Successful exploitation could enable attackers to modify firewall rules, redirect network traffic, install malicious firmware, or use the device as a pivot point for further attacks within the local network. The vulnerability's potential for network reconnaissance and lateral movement makes it particularly concerning for enterprise environments where routers serve as critical network infrastructure components. Security professionals should note that this vulnerability affects a consumer-grade router model, which typically lacks robust security features and regular update mechanisms, making it more susceptible to exploitation. The firmware version V9.4.0cu.1360_B20241207 suggests this vulnerability may have existed for some time, potentially giving attackers ample opportunity to develop and deploy exploits. Organizations should consider the ATT&CK technique T1046 for network service scanning and T1071.004 for application layer protocol usage, as attackers may leverage this vulnerability to establish persistent access or conduct broader network reconnaissance activities.
Mitigation strategies for CVE-2025-52284 should prioritize immediate firmware updates from Totolink, as the vendor may have released patches addressing this specific vulnerability. Network segmentation and firewall rules should be implemented to restrict access to the router's management interface from untrusted networks, while also monitoring for unusual network traffic patterns that may indicate exploitation attempts. Security teams should implement network intrusion detection systems capable of identifying malicious requests containing command injection patterns, particularly focusing on the tz parameter and related function calls. Regular vulnerability assessments and penetration testing should be conducted to identify similar issues in other network devices, as this vulnerability represents a common class of flaws found in embedded systems and network infrastructure devices. The implementation of web application firewalls and input validation controls should be considered for environments where router management interfaces remain accessible from external networks, while also ensuring that default credentials are changed and unnecessary services are disabled to reduce the attack surface. Organizations should also consider implementing network monitoring solutions that can detect anomalous command execution patterns and alert security teams to potential exploitation attempts.