CVE-2025-53545 in press
Summary
by MITRE • 07/08/2025
Press, a Frappe custom app that runs Frappe Cloud, manages infrastructure, subscription, marketplace, and software-as-a-service (SaaS). Users can circumvent 2FA login for users due to a lack of server side validation for the same. This vulnerability is fixed in commit ddb439f8eb1816010f2ef653a908648b71f9bba8.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 07/08/2025
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-53545 affects Press, a Frappe custom application that operates within the Frappe Cloud ecosystem and manages critical infrastructure components including subscription handling, marketplace functionality, and software-as-a-service operations. This application serves as a foundational component for managing Frappe-based deployments and their associated user access controls. The security flaw manifests in the authentication system where the application fails to implement proper server-side validation for two-factor authentication requirements, creating a significant bypass opportunity for unauthorized access attempts.
The technical implementation flaw stems from inadequate server-side validation mechanisms that should enforce mandatory two-factor authentication for user logins. This weakness allows attackers to bypass the second authentication factor by manipulating client-side requests or exploiting missing validation checks on the backend systems. The vulnerability specifically impacts the authentication flow where the system should verify the presence and validity of two-factor authentication tokens before granting access to user accounts. The absence of server-side verification creates a condition where attackers can authenticate using only primary credentials, effectively neutralizing the security benefits of multi-factor authentication.
The operational impact of this vulnerability extends beyond simple unauthorized access as it compromises the integrity of the entire user authentication framework within the Frappe Cloud environment. Attackers who successfully exploit this vulnerability can gain access to sensitive user accounts, potentially leading to data breaches, unauthorized modifications to infrastructure configurations, and access to proprietary software solutions within the SaaS ecosystem. The vulnerability affects all users who rely on two-factor authentication for protection, undermining the security posture of the entire Press application and its associated services. This weakness could enable attackers to escalate privileges, access confidential information, or disrupt service availability for legitimate users.
The fix implemented in commit ddb439f8eb1816010f2ef653a908648b71f9bba8 addresses the core validation issue by introducing proper server-side verification of two-factor authentication requirements. This patch ensures that all authentication requests undergo rigorous validation before granting access, eliminating the bypass opportunity that previously existed. The solution aligns with established security best practices and follows the principle of least privilege by enforcing mandatory multi-factor authentication for all user access attempts. Organizations using Press applications should immediately implement this update to restore proper authentication controls and maintain the security integrity of their Frappe Cloud deployments.
This vulnerability demonstrates characteristics consistent with CWE-305 authentication bypass issues and aligns with ATT&CK technique T1078.004 for valid accounts, where adversaries leverage weak authentication controls to gain unauthorized access. The flaw represents a critical security gap in the authentication infrastructure that directly impacts the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of user data within the SaaS environment. Proper implementation of server-side validation mechanisms remains essential for maintaining robust security controls in multi-factor authentication systems. The fix addresses the fundamental issue of client-side trust assumptions and reinforces proper authentication flow enforcement within the application architecture.