CVE-2025-5419 in Chrome
Summary
by MITRE • 06/03/2025
Out of bounds read and write in V8 in Google Chrome prior to 137.0.7151.68 allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: High)
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 06/05/2025
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-5419 represents a critical heap corruption issue within the V8 JavaScript engine used in Google Chrome versions prior to 137.0.7151.68. This flaw manifests as both out-of-bounds read and write operations that can be exploited remotely, making it particularly dangerous for web-based attacks. The vulnerability resides in the V8 engine's handling of memory operations during JavaScript execution, where improper bounds checking allows attackers to access memory locations outside the intended boundaries. Such issues typically arise from insufficient validation of array indices or memory pointer arithmetic within the JavaScript engine's interpretation and execution processes.
The technical exploitation of this vulnerability occurs when a remote attacker crafts a malicious HTML page that triggers the flawed memory operations within V8. The out-of-bounds read allows attackers to potentially extract sensitive data from adjacent memory locations, while the out-of-bounds write enables memory corruption that can be leveraged to execute arbitrary code. This dual nature of the vulnerability creates multiple attack vectors, as the read operation can expose confidential information such as encryption keys, session tokens, or other sensitive data stored in memory. The write operation provides the attacker with the capability to modify critical memory structures, potentially leading to complete system compromise through techniques such as return-oriented programming or just-in-time code injection.
From an operational standpoint, this vulnerability poses significant risks to Chrome users and organizations relying on the browser for web-based applications and services. The remote exploitation capability means that users can be compromised simply by visiting a malicious website, making it particularly dangerous for enterprise environments where users may inadvertently encounter compromised content. The Chromium security severity rating of High reflects the substantial risk this vulnerability presents, as it can be exploited without user interaction beyond visiting a malicious page. The heap corruption aspect particularly threatens the stability and security of the browser's memory management system, potentially allowing attackers to bypass modern security mitigations such as address space layout randomization and data execution prevention mechanisms.
Organizations should prioritize immediate patching of affected Chrome versions to mitigate this vulnerability, as the exploitability of out-of-bounds memory operations in JavaScript engines has historically proven to be extremely dangerous in real-world scenarios. The recommended mitigation includes updating to Chrome version 137.0.7151.68 or later, which contains the necessary fixes for the V8 engine's memory bounds checking mechanisms. Security teams should also implement additional monitoring for suspicious web traffic patterns and consider deploying web application firewalls or content filtering solutions to block access to known malicious domains. The vulnerability aligns with CWE-129, which describes improper validation of array index bounds, and may map to ATT&CK techniques involving code injection and privilege escalation through memory corruption exploits. Organizations should also review their incident response procedures to ensure readiness for potential exploitation attempts and maintain updated threat intelligence regarding similar vulnerabilities in web browsers and JavaScript engines.