CVE-2025-5503 in X15
Summary
by MITRE • 06/03/2025
A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, was found in TOTOLINK X15 1.0.0-B20230714.1105. This affects the function formMapReboot of the file /boafrm/formMapReboot. The manipulation of the argument deviceMacAddr leads to stack-based buffer overflow. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 06/13/2026
This critical vulnerability exists within the TOTOLINK X15 router firmware version 1.0.0-B20230714.1105 and specifically targets the formMapReboot function located in the /boafrm/formMapReboot file. The flaw manifests as a stack-based buffer overflow when processing the deviceMacAddr argument, representing a fundamental memory corruption issue that can be exploited through remote network access. The vulnerability stems from inadequate input validation and bounds checking within the router's web interface handling mechanism, allowing malicious actors to craft specially formatted requests that exceed the allocated buffer space on the stack.
The technical exploitation of this vulnerability follows a well-established pattern that aligns with CWE-121 stack-based buffer overflow conditions and maps to ATT&CK technique T1210 exploiting known vulnerabilities. When a remote attacker sends a crafted request containing an oversized deviceMacAddr parameter, the application fails to properly validate the input length before copying it into a fixed-size stack buffer. This overflow can overwrite adjacent stack memory locations including return addresses, function pointers, and local variables, potentially enabling arbitrary code execution or system crashes. The attack vector is particularly dangerous because it requires no authentication and can be initiated from external networks, making it a prime target for automated exploitation campaigns.
The operational impact of this vulnerability extends beyond simple denial of service scenarios to encompass full system compromise capabilities. Successful exploitation could allow attackers to execute arbitrary code with the privileges of the web server process, potentially leading to complete router compromise, persistent backdoor installation, or lateral movement within network environments. The vulnerability affects the router's management interface, which typically operates on standard HTTP/HTTPS ports, making it accessible to anyone on the network. Given that the exploit has been publicly disclosed and is actively being used, organizations with affected TOTOLINK X15 devices face immediate risk of unauthorized access and potential network infiltration.
Mitigation strategies should prioritize immediate firmware updates from the vendor if available, though the lack of vendor response in this case necessitates alternative approaches. Network segmentation and firewall rules can help limit exposure by blocking access to the router's management interfaces from untrusted networks. Implementing intrusion detection systems with signatures for known exploitation patterns and monitoring for unusual traffic patterns on management ports can provide additional detection capabilities. Organizations should also consider disabling unnecessary services, implementing strong access controls, and conducting thorough network assessments to identify potentially compromised devices. The vulnerability highlights the importance of firmware security monitoring and vendor communication protocols, as the lack of vendor response represents a significant gap in the security ecosystem that leaves users vulnerable to ongoing exploitation.