CVE-2025-58586 in Baggage Analytics
Summary
by MITRE • 10/06/2025
For failed login attempts, the application returns different error messages depending on whether the login failed due to an incorrect password or a non-existing username. This allows an attacker to guess usernames until they find an existing one.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 10/06/2025
This vulnerability represents a classic account enumeration flaw that undermines the security posture of authentication systems by providing attackers with information that should remain hidden. The issue manifests when the application distinguishes between authentication failures based on incorrect passwords versus non-existent usernames through different error messages, creating a predictable pattern that adversaries can exploit to systematically identify valid user accounts. This type of information disclosure directly violates security principles that mandate uniform error handling to prevent attackers from gaining insights into system state or configuration.
The technical implementation of this vulnerability stems from improper error handling within the authentication module where the system maintains distinct response mechanisms for different failure scenarios. When a user attempts to log in with a non-existent username, the application returns one error message indicating the username does not exist, while attempting to authenticate with a valid username but incorrect password generates a different message. This differential response creates a clear attack vector for account enumeration attacks, allowing threat actors to perform automated username discovery through repeated login attempts and observe the system's varying responses. The flaw operates at the application logic level and can be classified under CWE-200 as exposure of sensitive information and CWE-305 as authentication bypass through multiple attempts.
The operational impact of this vulnerability extends beyond simple account enumeration, as it enables more sophisticated attack vectors including credential stuffing, brute force attacks, and social engineering campaigns. Attackers can leverage the enumerated usernames to target specific accounts with password spraying techniques or to craft more convincing phishing attempts. The vulnerability also increases the risk of privilege escalation attacks when combined with other weaknesses, as valid usernames provide a foundation for targeted attacks against specific user accounts. This weakness can significantly reduce the effectiveness of security controls such as account lockout mechanisms and multi-factor authentication, as attackers can first establish a list of valid accounts before attempting to compromise them.
Mitigation strategies should focus on implementing uniform error handling across all authentication attempts, ensuring that all login failures return identical messages regardless of the underlying cause. This approach aligns with the principle of least information disclosure and prevents attackers from distinguishing between different types of authentication failures. Organizations should implement rate limiting and account lockout mechanisms to prevent automated enumeration attempts, while also considering the implementation of account recovery processes that do not reveal account existence. The solution should be consistent with industry best practices such as those outlined in the OWASP Authentication Cheat Sheet, which emphasizes the importance of consistent error messaging and the prevention of account enumeration attacks. Additionally, implementing additional security controls like CAPTCHA mechanisms or behavioral analytics can further protect against automated attack vectors targeting this vulnerability.