CVE-2025-5904 in T10
Summary
by MITRE • 06/10/2025
A vulnerability was found in TOTOLINK T10 4.1.8cu.5207. It has been declared as critical. Affected by this vulnerability is the function setWiFiMeshName of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component POST Request Handler. The manipulation of the argument device_name leads to buffer overflow. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 06/16/2025
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-5904 represents a critical buffer overflow flaw within the TOTOLINK T10 router firmware version 4.1.8cu.5207. This issue resides in the POST request handler component of the device's web interface, specifically within the setWiFiMeshName function of the /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi file. The buffer overflow occurs when processing the device_name parameter, which serves as the primary attack vector for this vulnerability. The flaw enables remote exploitation, making it particularly dangerous as attackers can leverage this weakness from outside the local network without requiring physical access or authentication credentials. This vulnerability affects the core network infrastructure device and represents a significant threat to network security and stability.
The technical implementation of this buffer overflow vulnerability stems from inadequate input validation within the web server component of the router's firmware. When a remote attacker sends a specially crafted POST request containing an excessively long device_name parameter to the /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi endpoint, the application fails to properly bounds-check the input data before copying it into a fixed-size buffer. This classic buffer overflow condition allows an attacker to overwrite adjacent memory locations, potentially leading to arbitrary code execution, system crashes, or complete device compromise. The vulnerability directly maps to CWE-121, which describes buffer overflow conditions where data is copied into a buffer without proper bounds checking, and may also relate to CWE-787, which covers out-of-bounds write vulnerabilities. The remote attack surface is particularly concerning as it eliminates the need for local network access or authentication.
The operational impact of CVE-2025-5904 extends beyond simple device instability, presenting serious security implications for networks utilizing affected TOTOLINK T10 devices. Successful exploitation could enable attackers to gain unauthorized administrative access to the router, allowing them to modify network configurations, redirect traffic, or establish persistent backdoors. The vulnerability's disclosure status increases the risk profile significantly, as it provides threat actors with working exploit code that can be readily deployed against vulnerable devices. Network administrators may face potential data breaches, man-in-the-middle attacks, or complete network takeover scenarios. Additionally, compromised devices could serve as launching points for broader attacks against internal network segments or as part of botnet operations. The attack vector's accessibility means that even unpatched devices could be compromised within minutes of the exploit's release, creating a substantial window of exposure for organizations.
Mitigation strategies for CVE-2025-5904 should prioritize immediate action to prevent exploitation while longer-term solutions are implemented. Organizations should disable remote administration features on affected devices when possible, restrict access to the router's web interface through firewall rules, and implement network segmentation to limit the potential impact of a successful compromise. The most effective immediate solution involves updating the router firmware to the latest version provided by TOTOLINK, which should contain patches addressing the buffer overflow vulnerability. Network monitoring should be enhanced to detect anomalous traffic patterns or unauthorized configuration changes that might indicate exploitation attempts. Security teams should also consider implementing intrusion detection systems that can identify attempts to access the vulnerable cgi-bin endpoint. According to ATT&CK framework, this vulnerability relates to T1210 - Exploitation of Remote Services and T1072 - Software Deployment Tools, as it represents a remote service exploitation that could lead to persistent access and further network compromise. Organizations should also consider the potential for credential theft and lateral movement if attackers successfully gain administrative access to the device.