CVE-2025-5905 in T10
Summary
by MITRE • 06/10/2025
A vulnerability was found in TOTOLINK T10 4.1.8cu.5207. It has been rated as critical. Affected by this issue is the function setWiFiRepeaterCfg of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component POST Request Handler. The manipulation of the argument Password leads to buffer overflow. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 06/16/2025
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-5905 represents a critical buffer overflow flaw within the TOTOLINK T10 router firmware version 4.1.8cu.5207. This issue resides in the POST Request Handler component of the web interface, specifically within the setWiFiRepeaterCfg function located at /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi. The vulnerability stems from insufficient input validation when processing the Password argument, creating a condition where maliciously crafted input can exceed the allocated buffer space and overwrite adjacent memory regions. The affected device operates a web-based administration interface that processes configuration requests through the cgi-bin endpoint, making it susceptible to exploitation via HTTP POST requests that target the vulnerable function.
The technical nature of this vulnerability aligns with CWE-121, which describes stack-based buffer overflow conditions, and CWE-787, which addresses out-of-bounds write vulnerabilities. The attack vector is remote and authenticated, meaning an attacker with valid credentials or one who can exploit the vulnerability without authentication can execute malicious code on the device. The buffer overflow occurs when the Password parameter exceeds the allocated memory buffer, potentially allowing attackers to overwrite critical memory locations including return addresses, function pointers, or other control data. This type of vulnerability can lead to arbitrary code execution, system compromise, or denial of service conditions.
The operational impact of this vulnerability is significant for any network infrastructure relying on TOTOLINK T10 devices, particularly in enterprise or residential gateway configurations where these routers serve as primary network access points. The public disclosure of exploitation techniques means that malicious actors can readily leverage this vulnerability to gain unauthorized access to network devices, potentially establishing persistent backdoors, conducting man-in-the-middle attacks, or using compromised devices as launching points for broader network intrusions. The vulnerability affects not only the device's local administration capabilities but also its ability to maintain secure wireless networking configurations, potentially exposing connected networks to unauthorized access and data interception.
Security mitigation strategies should prioritize immediate firmware updates from TOTOLINK, as this represents the most effective defense against the known exploit. Network administrators should implement network segmentation to limit the potential impact of device compromise, deploy intrusion detection systems to monitor for exploitation attempts, and consider disabling unnecessary services such as the web interface if not required for management purposes. The vulnerability demonstrates the importance of input validation and proper memory management in embedded systems, aligning with ATT&CK technique T1059.007 for command and script interpreter, where compromised devices might be used to execute malicious commands. Additionally, this vulnerability highlights the need for secure coding practices and regular security assessments of network infrastructure components, particularly those handling user input through web-based interfaces. Organizations should also consider implementing network monitoring solutions to detect anomalous behavior that might indicate exploitation attempts and establish incident response procedures to address potential compromises of network gateway devices.