CVE-2025-61045 in X18
Summary
by MITRE • 10/01/2025
TOTOLINK X18 V9.1.0cu.2053_B20230309 was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability via the mac parameter in the setEasyMeshAgentCfg function.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 10/08/2025
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-61045 affects the TOTOLINK X18 router firmware version V9.1.0cu.2053_B20230309, representing a critical command injection flaw that could enable remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected devices. This vulnerability resides within the setEasyMeshAgentCfg function, which processes the mac parameter, creating a pathway for malicious actors to inject and execute unauthorized commands within the router's operating system environment.
The technical exploitation of this vulnerability occurs through improper input validation and sanitization of the mac parameter within the setEasyMeshAgentCfg function. When an attacker submits a maliciously crafted mac value, the system fails to properly escape or filter special characters that could be interpreted as command delimiters or shell metacharacters. This allows attackers to inject operating system commands that are subsequently executed with the privileges of the web server process, typically running with elevated permissions on the device. The vulnerability directly maps to CWE-77 which categorizes improper neutralization of special elements used in commands, and aligns with ATT&CK technique T1059.001 for command and script injection.
The operational impact of this vulnerability extends beyond simple remote code execution, as it provides attackers with complete control over the affected router's functionality. Successful exploitation could enable attackers to modify network configurations, redirect traffic, establish backdoors, or use the device as a pivot point for further attacks within the local network. The vulnerability affects the router's mesh networking capabilities, potentially compromising the entire network infrastructure that relies on the EasyMesh protocol for seamless connectivity. Network administrators may lose visibility into their network traffic and device management, while end users could experience service disruptions or unauthorized access to their connected devices.
Mitigation strategies for CVE-2025-61045 should prioritize immediate firmware updates from TOTOLINK, as the vendor has likely released patches addressing this specific vulnerability. Organizations should implement network segmentation to limit the impact of potential exploitation, deploy intrusion detection systems to monitor for suspicious command injection patterns, and conduct thorough network scans to identify potentially compromised devices. Security teams should also consider disabling unnecessary services and implementing web application firewalls to filter malicious requests targeting the vulnerable setEasyMeshAgentCfg endpoint. The vulnerability underscores the importance of secure input validation practices and proper sanitization of user-supplied parameters, particularly in network device management interfaces where administrative privileges are involved.