CVE-2025-64385 in TCPRS1plus
Summary
by MITRE • 10/31/2025
The equipment initially can be configured using the manufacturer's application, by Wi-Fi, by the web server or with the manufacturer’s software. Using the manufacturer's software, the device can be configured via UDP. Analyzing this communication, it has been observed that any aspect of the initial configuration can be changed by means of the device's MAC without the need for authentication.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 11/03/2025
This vulnerability represents a critical authentication bypass flaw in network equipment configuration protocols that fundamentally undermines the security posture of affected devices. The vulnerability exists within the initial configuration mechanism of network equipment that supports multiple setup methods including manufacturer applications, Wi-Fi configuration, web server interfaces, and proprietary software tools. When utilizing the manufacturer's software for device configuration via UDP communication, the system fails to implement proper authentication checks, allowing unauthorized parties to manipulate all aspects of the device's initial configuration parameters. The flaw specifically enables attackers to modify device settings using only the device's MAC address as authentication credential, completely bypassing standard authentication mechanisms that should normally be required for configuration changes.
The technical implementation of this vulnerability stems from improper access control enforcement within the UDP-based configuration protocol. Network equipment manufacturers typically implement secure configuration workflows that require authentication through credentials such as usernames, passwords, or cryptographic tokens before allowing configuration modifications. However, in this case, the UDP communication channel appears to accept configuration changes based solely on MAC address validation, which is inherently weak and easily spoofed. This approach violates fundamental security principles and creates an attack surface where any device on the network can potentially manipulate configuration parameters of target equipment. The vulnerability is particularly concerning because it affects the initial configuration phase, which is typically the most critical period for establishing device security posture and access controls.
The operational impact of this vulnerability extends far beyond simple configuration changes, as it enables comprehensive device compromise through lateral movement and privilege escalation. An attacker who can exploit this vulnerability gains the ability to modify network settings, change network topology configurations, adjust security parameters, and potentially redirect traffic through malicious configuration changes. This could lead to man-in-the-middle attacks, network segmentation bypasses, or complete network disruption. The vulnerability aligns with CWE-287, which addresses improper authentication issues in network protocols, and represents a clear violation of the principle of least privilege. From an attack perspective, this vulnerability maps directly to ATT&CK technique T1078.002, which covers legitimate credentials, and T1566.001, which involves spearphishing attachments, as attackers can leverage this weakness to establish persistent network access without requiring traditional authentication credentials.
Mitigation strategies should focus on implementing proper authentication mechanisms for all configuration interfaces, including the UDP-based configuration protocol. Network administrators should immediately disable UDP-based configuration where possible and implement strong authentication requirements for all configuration changes. The affected devices should be configured to require multi-factor authentication or cryptographic authentication tokens before allowing any configuration modifications. Network segmentation should be implemented to isolate configuration interfaces from general network traffic, and monitoring should be deployed to detect unauthorized configuration changes. Additionally, manufacturers should be urged to implement MAC address validation in conjunction with proper authentication mechanisms rather than relying solely on MAC-based access control. Regular security audits should verify that no unauthorized configuration changes can occur through any interface, and network administrators should implement configuration management systems that can detect and alert on unauthorized modifications to device settings.