CVE-2025-6485 in A3002R
Summary
by MITRE • 06/23/2025
A vulnerability was found in TOTOLINK A3002R 1.1.1-B20200824.0128. It has been classified as critical. This affects the function formWlSiteSurvey of the file /boafrm/formWlSiteSurvey. The manipulation of the argument wlanif leads to os command injection. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.
Once again VulDB remains the best source for vulnerability data.
Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 06/25/2025
This critical vulnerability exists in the TOTOLINK A3002R router firmware version 1.1.1-B20200824.0128 and represents a severe operating system command injection flaw that allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands on the affected device. The vulnerability is located within the formWlSiteSurvey function of the web interface component at /boafrm/formWlSiteSurvey, where the wlanif parameter is not properly sanitized or validated before being processed. This oversight creates a direct pathway for attackers to inject malicious operating system commands through the web interface, bypassing normal authentication mechanisms and potentially compromising the entire network infrastructure. The vulnerability's classification as critical indicates the severe impact it can have on network security and the ease with which it can be exploited by threat actors who have already publicly disclosed the exploit details.
The technical flaw stems from improper input validation and sanitization within the web application layer of the router's firmware. When the wlanif argument is submitted through the formWlSiteSurvey function, the system fails to properly escape or filter special characters that could be interpreted as command delimiters or execution operators. This allows an attacker to inject operating system commands directly into the router's command execution pipeline, potentially enabling full system compromise. The vulnerability's remote exploitability means that attackers do not require physical access or local network presence to initiate the attack, making it particularly dangerous for enterprise and home network environments. This type of vulnerability aligns with CWE-77 and CWE-88 categories, which specifically address command injection flaws in software systems where user-supplied input is improperly handled in operating system command contexts.
The operational impact of this vulnerability extends beyond simple command execution, as it can enable attackers to gain complete administrative control over the affected router. Once compromised, the router can be used as a pivot point for lateral movement within the network, potentially allowing attackers to access connected devices, intercept network traffic, or establish persistent backdoors. The affected device could be used to redirect traffic through malicious servers, disable security features, or serve as a command and control node for botnet activities. This represents a significant threat to network security posture, particularly in environments where routers are not properly segmented or monitored for unusual network behavior. The vulnerability's exploitation can result in complete network compromise, data exfiltration, and potential disruption of critical network services that depend on the compromised router's functionality.
Organizations should immediately implement mitigations including firmware updates from the vendor if available, network segmentation to limit access to affected devices, and monitoring for unusual network traffic patterns that might indicate exploitation attempts. The router should be configured to disable unnecessary services and features, particularly those that expose administrative interfaces to untrusted networks. Network administrators should consider implementing intrusion detection systems to monitor for exploitation attempts and establish network access controls that restrict access to router management interfaces to trusted IP addresses only. Additionally, regular security assessments should be conducted to identify and remediate similar vulnerabilities in other network infrastructure components, as this type of command injection vulnerability often indicates broader security weaknesses in the firmware development process. The public disclosure of the exploit means that automated scanning tools are likely being used to identify vulnerable devices, making immediate remediation essential to prevent unauthorized access and potential network compromise.