CVE-2025-6486 in A3002R
Summary
by MITRE • 06/23/2025
A vulnerability was found in TOTOLINK A3002R 1.1.1-B20200824.0128. It has been declared as critical. This vulnerability affects the function formWlanMultipleAP of the file /boafrm/formWlanMultipleAP. The manipulation of the argument submit-url leads to stack-based buffer overflow. The attack can be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 06/25/2025
This critical vulnerability in TOTOLINK A3002R router firmware version 1.1.1-B20200824.0128 represents a stack-based buffer overflow condition within the web interface administration component. The flaw exists in the formWlanMultipleAP function located in the /boafrm/formWlanMultipleAP file, where improper input validation allows attackers to manipulate the submit-url argument. This specific implementation error creates a dangerous condition where user-supplied data can overwrite adjacent memory locations on the stack, potentially leading to arbitrary code execution or system compromise. The vulnerability's remote exploitability means that malicious actors can trigger this condition without physical access to the device, making it particularly dangerous for networked environments.
The technical nature of this buffer overflow aligns with CWE-121 Stack-based Buffer Overflow, which occurs when a program writes data beyond the bounds of a fixed-length stack buffer. This particular implementation flaw demonstrates poor input sanitization practices where the router's web interface fails to properly validate or limit the length of user-provided URL parameters. The attack vector through the web administration interface follows established patterns described in the ATT&CK framework under T1210 Exploitation of Remote Services, where adversaries leverage web application vulnerabilities to gain unauthorized access. The fact that this exploit has been publicly disclosed significantly increases the risk profile, as it removes the element of zero-day advantage that would otherwise make such vulnerabilities more difficult to exploit.
The operational impact of this vulnerability extends beyond simple remote code execution to encompass complete system compromise and potential network infiltration. An attacker who successfully exploits this vulnerability could gain administrative access to the router, enabling them to modify network configurations, redirect traffic, establish persistent backdoors, or use the device as a pivot point for attacking other systems within the local network. The implications are particularly severe given that many users operate these devices in residential or small business environments where network segmentation is minimal, potentially allowing lateral movement throughout the entire network infrastructure. The vulnerability affects not just individual devices but could compromise entire network perimeters if multiple affected routers exist within the same network domain.
Mitigation strategies should focus on immediate firmware updates from TOTOLINK, as the vendor has likely released patches addressing this specific vulnerability. Network administrators should implement network segmentation to isolate affected devices and monitor for suspicious network traffic patterns that might indicate exploitation attempts. Additional protective measures include disabling unnecessary web administration services, implementing strong authentication mechanisms, and conducting regular vulnerability assessments of network infrastructure. Organizations should also consider deploying intrusion detection systems capable of identifying exploitation attempts targeting known web application vulnerabilities. The remediation process must include thorough validation that all affected devices have been properly updated and that no residual configurations maintain the vulnerable state, as incomplete patching could leave systems exposed to continued exploitation attempts.