CVE-2025-7906 in RuoYi
Summary
by MITRE • 07/20/2025
A vulnerability was found in yangzongzhuan RuoYi up to 4.8.1 and classified as critical. This issue affects the function uploadFile of the file ruoyi-admin/src/main/java/com/ruoyi/web/controller/common/CommonController.java. The manipulation of the argument File leads to unrestricted upload. The attack may be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 09/11/2025
The vulnerability CVE-2025-7906 represents a critical security flaw in the yangzongzhuan RuoYi framework version 4.8.1 and earlier, specifically within the file upload functionality of the CommonController component. This vulnerability stems from insufficient input validation and access control measures that allow unauthorized file uploads to the application server. The affected function uploadFile in ruoyi-admin/src/main/java/com/ruoyi/web/controller/common/CommonController.java fails to properly validate file types, sizes, or content, creating a pathway for malicious actors to execute arbitrary code on the target system. The flaw is classified as critical due to its potential for remote code execution and the ease with which it can be exploited by attackers who have access to the application's upload interface.
The technical implementation of this vulnerability involves the absence of proper file type validation and content inspection mechanisms within the uploadFile function. Attackers can manipulate the File argument to upload malicious files such as web shells, executable scripts, or other harmful content that the application will process without adequate security checks. This unrestricted upload capability directly violates security principles outlined in CWE-434, which addresses the improper restriction of file uploads, and aligns with ATT&CK technique T1195.001 for the use of web shell components. The vulnerability's remote exploitability means that attackers do not require local access to the system, making it particularly dangerous as it can be leveraged from external networks without authentication.
The operational impact of CVE-2025-7906 extends far beyond simple data compromise, as successful exploitation can lead to complete system takeover and persistent access to the affected environment. Once an attacker uploads malicious content through the unrestricted file upload mechanism, they can execute arbitrary commands on the server, potentially leading to data exfiltration, service disruption, or further lateral movement within the network. The disclosed exploit status indicates that threat actors have already developed working methods to leverage this vulnerability, increasing the risk to organizations running affected versions of the RuoYi framework. This vulnerability particularly affects web applications that rely on file upload capabilities for legitimate business functions, making it a prime target for cybercriminals seeking to establish persistent footholds in enterprise environments.
Organizations should immediately implement multiple layers of mitigation strategies to address this critical vulnerability. The primary remediation involves validating and sanitizing all file uploads through strict content type checking, file extension filtering, and size limitations within the uploadFile function. Implementing proper access controls and authentication mechanisms for upload endpoints is essential to prevent unauthorized usage. Security teams should also consider deploying web application firewalls and intrusion detection systems to monitor for suspicious upload activities. Additionally, organizations must conduct comprehensive security assessments of their RuoYi installations, update to the latest patched versions, and implement proper file storage segregation to minimize the impact of potential exploitation. Regular security testing and code review processes should be enhanced to prevent similar vulnerabilities from being introduced in future development cycles, aligning with industry best practices for secure software development lifecycle implementation.