CVE-2026-107640 in Enswitch
Summary
by MITRE • 10/08/2026
Integrics Enswitch 3.13 through 4.4 contains an authentication bypass vulnerability in /api/json/user/password/update/ that allows unauthenticated attackers to change account passwords by omitting the reset parameter. Attackers can target accounts with no pending reset, whose empty reset_key matches the defaulted empty value, to take over administrator accounts after enumerating valid usernames.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 10/08/2026
The vulnerability identified in Integrics Enswitch versions 3.13 through 4.4 represents a critical authentication bypass flaw located within the /api/json/user/password/update/ endpoint. This security defect stems from an improper validation of input parameters during the password reset process, specifically concerning the handling of the reset parameter and associated token verification logic. The core technical issue arises because the application fails to strictly enforce the presence or validity of a valid, non-empty reset key when processing password update requests under certain conditions. By omitting the reset parameter entirely or providing an empty value that matches the default state for accounts with no pending reset request, attackers can manipulate the backend logic into treating the request as a legitimate administrative action rather than rejecting it due to missing authentication credentials.
From a technical perspective, this flaw allows unauthenticated actors to bypass standard access controls by exploiting the conditional checks within the API handler. The vulnerability is particularly potent because it targets accounts that have never initiated a password reset or where the stored reset_key remains in its default empty state. When an attacker submits a request with an omitted or nullified reset parameter, the system incorrectly interprets this as a valid context for updating credentials, effectively skipping the requirement for prior authentication or token validation. This behavior creates a direct path to account takeover without requiring any form of user interaction or credential guessing beyond initial username enumeration.
The operational impact of this vulnerability is severe, primarily due to its potential for privilege escalation and complete system compromise. Once an attacker enumerates valid usernames through standard information disclosure techniques or brute force methods, they can leverage this flaw to reset the passwords of high-privilege accounts, including administrators. The ability to take over administrator accounts grants the attacker full control over the Enswitch environment, potentially leading to unauthorized access to sensitive healthcare data managed by the system, manipulation of clinical workflows, and further lateral movement within the connected network infrastructure. This scenario aligns with CWE-287, which describes Improper Authentication, as well as CWE-640, Weak Password Recovery Mechanism for Administrators, highlighting the failure in verifying identity before performing sensitive state changes.
In terms of threat modeling, this vulnerability facilitates attacks consistent with MITRE ATT&CK techniques such as T1078 Valid Accounts and T1539 Steal Web Session Cookie if session tokens are also compromised during the takeover process. The lack of rate limiting or anomaly detection on password reset endpoints exacerbates the risk, allowing automated tools to rapidly enumerate users and exploit the flaw at scale. Defenders must recognize that this is not merely a configuration error but a fundamental logic failure in how the application validates state transitions for user accounts.
Mitigation strategies should focus immediately on patching to the latest secure version of Integrics Enswitch where these validation checks have been corrected. In environments where immediate patching is not feasible, network-level controls such as Web Application Firewalls can be configured to block requests to the /api/json/user/password/update/ endpoint that lack valid authentication headers or expected parameter structures. Additionally, implementing strict input validation on the server side to ensure that reset operations require a non-empty, cryptographically secure token generated only after explicit user initiation is essential. Security teams should also enforce strong password policies and multi-factor authentication for all administrative accounts to reduce the impact of any potential credential compromise resulting from this or similar vulnerabilities.