CVE-2026-109604 in ERPNext
Summary
by MITRE • 10/13/2026
Frappe ERPNext before 15.112.0 and 16.x before 16.23.0 contains a stored cross-site scripting vulnerability because a tool view interpolates stored record names into markup without escaping. An authenticated user able to create such records can give them malicious names, executing script in the session of any user who later opens that tool.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 10/13/2026
The identified security flaw resides within Frappe ERPNext versions prior to 15.112.0 and version 16.x prior to 16.23.0, specifically affecting the rendering logic for specific tool views. This vulnerability is classified as a stored cross-site scripting issue, which represents one of the most persistent and dangerous categories of web application vulnerabilities due to its ability to affect multiple users over an extended period without requiring further interaction from the attacker beyond the initial injection. The root cause lies in the improper handling of user-supplied input during the server-side rendering process. Specifically, when a tool view is generated by the backend framework, it interpolates stored record names directly into HTML markup structures without applying adequate output encoding or escaping mechanisms. This failure to sanitize data before inclusion in the document object model allows malicious script payloads embedded within these records to be executed by client browsers rather than being treated as inert text content.
The operational impact of this vulnerability is significant because it requires only a single authenticated user with permissions to create such records to initiate an attack chain that can compromise any other user who subsequently accesses the affected tool view. Unlike reflected cross-site scripting, which typically relies on social engineering or phishing links to deliver payloads immediately, stored vulnerabilities persist in the application's database. This means that once an attacker injects a malicious script by creating a record with a specially crafted name, every subsequent administrator or authorized employee who opens this specific interface will have their browser execute the injected code within the context of their active session. This can lead to severe consequences including account hijacking through session token theft, unauthorized modification of business-critical data, defacement of the user interface, and potentially serving as a pivot point for further network intrusions if combined with other vulnerabilities or misconfigurations.
From an industry standard perspective, this vulnerability aligns closely with CWE-79, which defines Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation known commonly as Cross-site Scripting. The specific nature of the flaw where data is stored in a database and later retrieved for display without proper encoding falls under the subcategory often referred to as Stored XSS or Persistent XSS within broader vulnerability taxonomies. Furthermore, from an adversary tactics perspective this behavior maps directly to ATT&CK technique T1059 Command and Scripting Interpreter with specific relevance to execution via browser-based scripting languages such as JavaScript. The attack vector leverages the trust that users place in the application interface, exploiting the legitimate rendering engine of modern web browsers to execute arbitrary code under the guise of normal operational activity.
Mitigation strategies for this vulnerability primarily involve upgrading the Frappe ERPNext installation to version 15.112.0 or later if running on the v15 branch, or version 16.23.0 and above for those on the v16 branch where these patches have been released. For organizations unable to immediately patch their production environments due to compatibility concerns or operational constraints, temporary mitigations should focus on implementing strict input validation at the application layer to reject non-alphanumeric characters in record names if such fields do not require special symbols. Additionally deploying a Web Application Firewall with rules capable of detecting and blocking common cross-site scripting payloads can provide an additional layer of defense by intercepting malicious requests before they reach the vulnerable rendering logic. It is also critical to ensure that Content Security Policy headers are configured correctly across all endpoints within the ERPNext deployment, as CSP directives can significantly reduce the impact of successful XSS attacks by restricting the sources from which scripts can be loaded and executed, thereby preventing many common exploitation techniques even if input sanitization fails.