CVE-2026-24770 in ragflow
Summary
by MITRE • 01/28/2026
RAGFlow is an open-source RAG (Retrieval-Augmented Generation) engine. In version 0.23.1 and possibly earlier versions, the MinerU parser contains a "Zip Slip" vulnerability, allowing an attacker to overwrite arbitrary files on the server (leading to Remote Code Execution) via a malicious ZIP archive. The MinerUParser class retrieves and extracts ZIP files from an external source (mineru_server_url). The extraction logic in `_extract_zip_no_root` fails to sanitize filenames within the ZIP archive. Commit 64c75d558e4a17a4a48953b4c201526431d8338f contains a patch for the issue.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 01/28/2026
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2026-24770 affects RAGFlow, an open-source retrieval-augmented generation engine that processes and analyzes large language model outputs through document parsing and retrieval mechanisms. This particular weakness resides within the MinerU parser component which handles document ingestion from external sources, specifically through the MinerU server URL parameter. The vulnerability manifests in version 0.23.1 and potentially earlier releases, representing a critical security flaw that undermines the integrity of the document processing pipeline. The issue stems from inadequate input validation and sanitization within the ZIP archive extraction logic, creating a path for malicious actors to exploit the system's file handling mechanisms.
The technical flaw constitutes a classic Zip Slip vulnerability, which occurs when archive extraction routines fail to properly validate filenames contained within compressed archives. The MinerUParser class implements the `_extract_zip_no_root` function to handle ZIP file extraction from external sources, but this function lacks proper filename sanitization checks. Attackers can craft malicious ZIP archives containing specially crafted filenames that include directory traversal sequences such as ../ or ..\, allowing them to write files outside of the intended extraction directory. This vulnerability is categorized under CWE-22 as "Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')", and represents a direct exploitation vector for privilege escalation and arbitrary file system manipulation. The vulnerability's severity is amplified by the fact that it enables remote code execution through file overwrites, as attackers can place malicious executables or scripts in critical system locations.
The operational impact of this vulnerability extends beyond simple file system compromise, as it provides attackers with a direct pathway to achieve remote code execution on the affected server. When the MinerU parser processes a malicious ZIP archive, the attacker can overwrite critical system files, configuration files, or even replace legitimate executables with malicious counterparts. This capability enables attackers to establish persistent access, escalate privileges, or deploy additional malware within the system. The vulnerability is particularly dangerous in environments where RAGFlow operates with elevated privileges or where document processing occurs on servers hosting sensitive data. The attack surface is broad since the parser accepts external URLs, meaning that any system processing documents from untrusted sources could be vulnerable to exploitation. According to ATT&CK framework, this vulnerability maps to T1059.007 (Command and Scripting Interpreter: PowerShell) and T1566.002 (Phishing: Spearphishing Attachment) as attackers can leverage the vulnerability through malicious document attachments or compromised external sources.
Mitigation strategies for this vulnerability involve immediate implementation of the patch referenced in commit 64c75d558e4a17a4a48953b4c201526431d8338f, which addresses the core sanitization issue in the ZIP extraction logic. Organizations should implement strict input validation for all external document sources, including thorough filename sanitization that removes or encodes potentially dangerous path traversal sequences. Additional protective measures include running the RAGFlow service with minimal required privileges, implementing network segmentation to limit access to external document sources, and deploying automated monitoring for suspicious file system modifications. The fix should enforce proper directory traversal checks by validating that extracted filenames remain within the intended extraction root directory, utilizing secure extraction libraries that inherently prevent path traversal attacks. System administrators should also implement regular security assessments of document processing pipelines, particularly focusing on external data ingestion points, and maintain up-to-date threat intelligence to identify potential exploitation attempts targeting similar vulnerabilities in other components of the system.