CVE-2026-28393 in OpenClaw
Summary
by MITRE • 03/06/2026
OpenClaw versions 2.0.0-beta3 prior to 2026.2.14 contain a path traversal vulnerability in hook transform module loading that allows arbitrary JavaScript execution. The hooks.mappings[].transform.module parameter accepts absolute paths and traversal sequences, enabling attackers with configuration write access to load and execute malicious modules with gateway process privileges.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 03/11/2026
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2026-28393 affects OpenClaw versions prior to 2026.2.14 and represents a critical path traversal flaw within the hook transform module loading mechanism. This vulnerability specifically resides in the hooks.mappings[].transform.module parameter processing, where the system fails to properly validate or sanitize input paths. The flaw allows attackers with configuration write access to manipulate the module loading process by providing absolute paths combined with traversal sequences such as ../ or ..\, which can bypass intended security restrictions and access arbitrary files on the system.
The technical implementation of this vulnerability stems from insufficient input validation and path sanitization within the module loading framework. When the system processes the transform.module parameter, it does not adequately filter or normalize absolute paths and traversal sequences, creating an opportunity for attackers to specify malicious file locations. This weakness directly maps to CWE-22 Path Traversal vulnerability classification, which encompasses improper handling of file paths that allows access to files outside the intended directory structure. The vulnerability operates at the application level where configuration parameters are processed without proper security controls, making it particularly dangerous as it leverages legitimate system functionality to execute unauthorized code.
The operational impact of this vulnerability is severe and potentially catastrophic for systems running affected OpenClaw versions. Attackers with configuration write access can leverage this flaw to load and execute arbitrary JavaScript modules with the privileges of the gateway process, which typically operates with elevated permissions. This privilege escalation capability means that successful exploitation could lead to complete system compromise, data exfiltration, or further lateral movement within the network. The vulnerability's impact extends beyond immediate code execution as it can be used to establish persistent backdoors, modify system configurations, or disable security controls. The attack surface is particularly concerning because it requires only configuration write access rather than direct system access, making it more accessible to attackers who may have gained limited administrative privileges through other means.
Mitigation strategies for this vulnerability must address both the immediate security gap and implement broader defensive measures. The primary recommendation is to upgrade to OpenClaw version 2026.2.14 or later, which includes proper path validation and sanitization controls. Organizations should also implement strict input validation for all configuration parameters, particularly those that influence module loading or file system access. The implementation of principle of least privilege should be enforced where configuration write access is limited to authorized administrators only, reducing the attack surface for potential exploitation. Additionally, security monitoring should be enhanced to detect suspicious configuration changes and module loading activities. This vulnerability aligns with ATT&CK technique T1546.008 Application Configuration, which focuses on modifying application configuration files to achieve persistence or privilege escalation. Organizations should also consider implementing automated patch management processes to ensure timely deployment of security updates and maintain comprehensive system inventory to identify all affected systems running vulnerable OpenClaw versions.