CVE-2026-63236 in Koollab
Summary
by MITRE • 07/29/2026
An improper access control vulnerability in Koollab LMS allowed an unauthenticated attacker to read another user's name, internal identifier, scores, lesson status, lesson position, and cached lesson state via the SCORM API endpoint.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 07/29/2026
This vulnerability represents a critical access control flaw in the Koollab Learning Management System that exposes sensitive user data through improper authorization checks within the SCORM API endpoint. The issue allows unauthenticated attackers to directly access personal learning information including user names, internal identifiers, assessment scores, lesson completion status, positional data within courses, and cached lesson states without requiring valid authentication credentials or proper authorization tokens. The vulnerability stems from insufficient input validation and access control mechanisms that fail to properly verify the identity and permissions of requesting entities before serving sensitive course data.
The technical nature of this flaw aligns with CWE-285, which addresses improper authorization issues in software systems. When an attacker can access SCORM API endpoints without authentication, they essentially bypass the entire user session management and permission architecture that should govern access to learning progress information. This represents a fundamental breakdown in the application's security model where the system fails to enforce proper access controls between users and their respective data repositories. The vulnerability is particularly concerning because SCORM API endpoints are designed to communicate learning progress information between the LMS and learning content, making them prime targets for unauthorized data extraction.
The operational impact of this vulnerability extends beyond simple data exposure to potentially enable more sophisticated attacks including user impersonation, targeted phishing campaigns based on collected learning patterns, and comprehensive behavioral analysis of users' educational progress. Attackers could leverage the exposed internal identifiers to correlate user activities across different systems or create detailed profiles of individual learning behaviors. The lesson position and cached state information provide attackers with insights into user engagement patterns and potential gaps in learning progress that could be exploited for social engineering purposes. This vulnerability directly violates security principles outlined in the NIST Cybersecurity Framework where inadequate access control represents a significant risk to data confidentiality and system integrity.
The attack surface is further expanded by the fact that SCORM APIs are commonly exposed to external systems and may be accessible through multiple network paths within the LMS architecture. This makes the vulnerability particularly dangerous as attackers can potentially exploit it from various entry points without needing to establish authenticated sessions first. Mitigation strategies should include implementing robust authentication checks at all API endpoints, enforcing proper access control lists based on user roles and session contexts, and ensuring that SCORM API communications properly validate caller identities before serving any sensitive learning data. Organizations should also implement network segmentation controls to limit direct access to API endpoints and establish monitoring for unauthorized access attempts to learning management system resources. The vulnerability demonstrates the importance of following the principle of least privilege in educational technology systems where user data should never be accessible without proper authentication and authorization verification as specified in the MITRE ATT&CK framework's credential access and persistence categories.