CVE-2026-74845 in Official Document Management System
Summary
by MITRE • 08/17/2026
Official Document Management System developed by 2100 Technology has an Arbitrary File Upload vulnerability, allowing authenticated remote attackers to upload and execute web shell backdoors, thereby enabling arbitrary code execution on the server.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 08/17/2026
The Official Document Management System, a software solution developed by 2100 Technology designed for handling digital documentation workflows, contains a critical security flaw that compromises the integrity of the underlying server infrastructure. This vulnerability is classified as an Arbitrary File Upload issue, which represents one of the most severe categories of web application vulnerabilities due to its direct potential for full system compromise. The existence of this flaw indicates a fundamental failure in input validation and file handling mechanisms within the application's architecture, specifically regarding how uploaded files are processed, stored, and subsequently served by the web server environment.
The technical root cause lies in insufficient verification of user-supplied data during the file upload process. When an authenticated remote attacker interacts with the system to submit documents or other file types, the application fails to adequately validate the file extension, content type, or structure before saving it to a publicly accessible directory. This lack of rigorous sanitization allows attackers to bypass standard security controls by uploading files containing malicious code disguised as legitimate document formats or executable scripts. Because the vulnerability requires authentication, an attacker must first obtain valid credentials through methods such as credential stuffing, phishing, or exploiting other weaker access control mechanisms before they can leverage this specific flaw for further exploitation.
Once a web shell backdoor is successfully uploaded and stored on the server's file system, the operational impact escalates from data confidentiality risks to complete remote code execution. The attacker can then invoke the malicious script through standard HTTP requests, effectively gaining an interactive command-line interface or a persistent foothold within the application environment. This capability allows for arbitrary code execution with the privileges of the web service account, which often possesses significant access rights to databases, configuration files, and internal network resources. Consequently, this leads to severe consequences including unauthorized data exfiltration, modification of critical business records, installation of additional malware such as ransomware or botnets, and potential pivoting into other segments of the corporate network if lateral movement is attempted.
From a classification perspective, this vulnerability aligns with CWE-434, which describes the Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type, and CWE-20, indicating Improper Input Validation. In terms of offensive security frameworks like MITRE ATT&CK, this exploit maps to T1505.003, known as Web Shell, where attackers use malicious scripts for persistence and remote access. It also relates to T1078, Valid Accounts, given the prerequisite of authentication, and potentially T1059, Command and Scripting Interpreter, once the shell is executed. These mappings highlight that while the entry point is a file upload flaw, the ultimate goal and effect are consistent with advanced persistent threat behaviors aimed at long-term system control.
Mitigation strategies must address both immediate remediation and long-term architectural improvements. The most effective technical fix involves implementing strict allow-listing for permitted file extensions on the server side, ensuring that only expected document types such as PDF or DOCX are accepted. Additionally, files should be validated using magic number checks to verify actual content type rather than relying solely on metadata provided by the client. Uploaded files must be stored in a directory outside of web-accessible paths with execute permissions disabled for all users except potentially specific service accounts where absolutely necessary. Implementing Content Security Policy headers and ensuring that uploaded filenames are randomized or sanitized can further reduce the risk of successful execution. Organizations should also enforce multi-factor authentication to mitigate the initial access requirement and conduct regular vulnerability assessments to identify similar weaknesses in other components of the document management ecosystem.