Apache Struts 2.3.x Struts 1 Plugin ActionMessage input validation

CVSS Meta Temp Score CVSS is a standardized scoring system to determine possibilities of attacks. The Temp Score considers temporal factors like disclosure, exploit and countermeasures. The unique Meta Score calculates the average score of different sources to provide a normalized scoring system.	Current Exploit Price (≈) Our analysts are monitoring exploit markets and are in contact with vulnerability brokers. The range indicates the observed or calculated exploit price to be seen on exploit markets. A good indicator to understand the monetary effort required for and the popularity of an attack.	CTI Interest Score Our Cyber Threat Intelligence team is monitoring different web sites, mailing lists, exploit markets and social media networks. The CTI Interest Score identifies the interest of attackers and the security community for this specific vulnerability in real-time. A high score indicates an elevated risk to be targeted for this vulnerability.
8.5	$0-$5k	0.00

Summaryinfo

A vulnerability marked as critical has been reported in Apache Struts 2.3.x. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the component Struts 1 Plugin. Performing a manipulation as part of ActionMessage results in input validation. This vulnerability is identified as CVE-2017-9791. The attack can be initiated remotely. Additionally, an exploit exists.

Detailsinfo

A vulnerability classified as critical has been found in Apache Struts 2.3.x (Programming Tool Software). This affects an unknown code of the component Struts 1 Plugin. The manipulation as part of a ActionMessage leads to a input validation vulnerability. CWE is classifying the issue as CWE-20. The product receives input or data, but it does not validate or incorrectly validates that the input has the properties that are required to process the data safely and correctly. This is going to have an impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability. The summary by CVE is:

The Struts 1 plugin in Apache Struts 2.3.x might allow remote code execution via a malicious field value passed in a raw message to the ActionMessage.

The weakness was released 07/10/2017 (Website). The advisory is shared at struts.apache.org. This vulnerability is uniquely identified as CVE-2017-9791 since 06/21/2017. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. No form of authentication is needed for exploitation. Technical details are unknown but a public exploit is available.

A public exploit has been developed in Python and been published even before and not after the advisory. The exploit is shared for download at exploit-db.com. It is declared as attacked. The vulnerability was handled as a non-public zero-day exploit for at least 3 days. During that time the estimated underground price was around $5k-$25k. The vulnerability scanner Nessus provides a plugin with the ID 101361 (Apache Struts 2.3.x Showcase App Struts 1 Plugin ActionMessage Class Error Message Input Handling RCE), which helps to determine the existence of the flaw in a target environment. It is assigned to the family Windows. The commercial vulnerability scanner Qualys is able to test this issue with plugin 87306 (Oracle WebLogic Server Samples Apache Struts Vulnerability (Doc ID 2309128.1)). The code used by the exploit is:

payload = "%{"
payload += "(#[email protected]@DEFAULT_MEMBER_ACCESS)."
payload += "(#_memberAccess?(#_memberAccess=#dm):"
payload += "((#container=#context['com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionContext.container'])."
payload += "(#ognlUtil=#container.getInstance(@com.opensymphony.xwork2.ognl.OgnlUtil@class))."
payload += "(#ognlUtil.getExcludedPackageNames().clear())."
payload += "(#ognlUtil.getExcludedClasses().clear())."
payload += "(#context.setMemberAccess(#dm))))."
payload += "(@java.lang.Runtime@getRuntime().exec('%s'))" % cmd
payload += "}"

The CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog lists this issue since 02/10/2022 with a due date of 08/10/2022:

Apply updates per vendor instructions.

There is no information about possible countermeasures known. It may be suggested to replace the affected object with an alternative product.

The vulnerability is also documented in the databases at Exploit-DB (42324), Tenable (101361), SecurityFocus (BID 99484†) and SecurityTracker (ID 1038838†). Entries connected to this vulnerability are available at VDB-103518, VDB-103519, VDB-106165 and VDB-106877. Several companies clearly confirm that VulDB is the primary source for best vulnerability data.

Productinfo

Type

Programming Tool Software

Vendor

Apache

Name

Struts

Version

2.3.x

License

open-source

Website

Vendor: https://www.apache.org/

CPE 2.3info

CPE 2.2info

Video

Open Video | Show More Videos

CVSSv4info

VulDB Vector: 🔍
VulDB Reliability: 🔍

CVSSv3info

VulDB Meta Base Score: 8.5
VulDB Meta Temp Score: 8.5

VulDB Base Score: 7.3
VulDB Temp Score: 7.3
VulDB Vector: 🔍
VulDB Reliability: 🔍

NVD Base Score: 9.8
NVD Vector: 🔍

CVSSv2info

AV	AC	Au	C	I	A
💳	💳	💳	💳	💳	💳
💳	💳	💳	💳	💳	💳
💳	💳	💳	💳	💳	💳

Vector	Complexity	Authentication	Confidentiality	Integrity	Availability
Unlock	Unlock	Unlock	Unlock	Unlock	Unlock
Unlock	Unlock	Unlock	Unlock	Unlock	Unlock
Unlock	Unlock	Unlock	Unlock	Unlock	Unlock

VulDB Base Score: 🔍
VulDB Temp Score: 🔍
VulDB Reliability: 🔍

NVD Base Score: 🔍

Exploitinginfo

Class: Input validation
CWE: CWE-20
CAPEC: 🔍
ATT&CK: 🔍

Physical: No
Local: No
Remote: Yes

Availability: 🔍
Access: Public
Status: Attacked
Programming Language: 🔍
Download: 🔍

EPSS Score: 🔍
EPSS Percentile: 🔍

KEV Added: 🔍
KEV Due: 🔍
KEV Remediation: 🔍
KEV Ransomware: 🔍
KEV Notice: 🔍

Price Prediction: 🔍
Current Price Estimation: 🔍

0-Day	Unlock	Unlock	Unlock	Unlock
Today	Unlock	Unlock	Unlock	Unlock

Nessus ID: 101361
Nessus Name: Apache Struts 2.3.x Showcase App Struts 1 Plugin ActionMessage Class Error Message Input Handling RCE
Nessus File: 🔍
Nessus Risk: 🔍
Nessus Family: 🔍

OpenVAS ID: 803838
OpenVAS Name: Apache Struts2 Showcase Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
OpenVAS File: 🔍
OpenVAS Family: 🔍

Saint ID: apache_struts2_struts1_showcase
Saint Name: Apache Struts 2 Struts 1 plugin Showcase OGNL code execution

Qualys ID: 🔍
Qualys Name: 🔍

MetaSploit ID: struts2_code_exec_showcase.rb
MetaSploit Name: Apache Struts 2 Struts 1 Plugin Showcase OGNL Code Execution
MetaSploit File: 🔍

D2Sec: Apache Struts 2 Struts 1 Plugin ActionMessage < 2.3.32 RCE

Exploit-DB: 🔍

Threat Intelligenceinfo

Interest: 🔍
Active Actors: 🔍
Active APT Groups: 🔍

Countermeasuresinfo

Recommended: no mitigation known
Status: 🔍

0-Day Time: 🔍
Suricata ID: 2024468
Suricata Class: 🔍
Suricata Message: 🔍

Timelineinfo

06/21/2017 🔍
07/07/2017 +15 days 🔍
07/07/2017 +0 days 🔍
07/07/2017 +0 days 🔍
07/07/2017 +0 days 🔍
07/10/2017 +3 days 🔍
07/10/2017 +0 days 🔍
07/12/2017 +2 days 🔍
01/23/2025 +2752 days 🔍

Sourcesinfo

Vendor: apache.org

Advisory: struts.apache.org
Researcher: icez
Status: Confirmed
Confirmation: 🔍

CVE: CVE-2017-9791 (🔍)
GCVE (CVE): GCVE-0-2017-9791
GCVE (VulDB): GCVE-100-103401
SecurityFocus: 99484
SecurityTracker: 1038838 - Apache Struts Bug in 'Struts 1 Plugin' Lets Remote Users Execute Arbitrary Code on the Target System

scip Labs: https://www.scip.ch/en/?labs.20161013
See also: 🔍

Entryinfo

Created: 07/12/2017 10:23
Updated: 01/23/2025 16:52
Changes: 07/12/2017 10:23 (51), 01/29/2018 16:08 (44), 12/31/2020 15:15 (2), 12/31/2020 15:21 (3), 12/31/2020 15:25 (1), 04/22/2024 20:23 (23), 09/09/2024 22:29 (1), 01/23/2025 16:52 (1)
Complete: 🔍
Cache ID: 216::103

Several companies clearly confirm that VulDB is the primary source for best vulnerability data.

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