VDB-315445 · CVE-2025-47981 · EUVD-2025-20611

Microsoft Windows up to Server 2025 SPNEGO Extended Negotiation heap-based overflow

CVSS Meta Temp Score CVSS is a standardized scoring system to determine possibilities of attacks. The Temp Score considers temporal factors like disclosure, exploit and countermeasures. The unique Meta Score calculates the average score of different sources to provide a normalized scoring system.	Current Exploit Price (≈) Our analysts are monitoring exploit markets and are in contact with vulnerability brokers. The range indicates the observed or calculated exploit price to be seen on exploit markets. A good indicator to understand the monetary effort required for and the popularity of an attack.	CTI Interest Score Our Cyber Threat Intelligence team is monitoring different web sites, mailing lists, exploit markets and social media networks. The CTI Interest Score identifies the interest of attackers and the security community for this specific vulnerability in real-time. A high score indicates an elevated risk to be targeted for this vulnerability.
8.9	$25k-$100k	0.00

Summaryinfo

A vulnerability marked as very critical has been reported in Microsoft Windows. This impacts an unknown function of the component SPNEGO Extended Negotiation. This manipulation causes heap-based overflow. This vulnerability is registered as CVE-2025-47981. Remote exploitation of the attack is possible. No exploit is available. Applying a patch is the recommended action to fix this issue.

Detailsinfo

A vulnerability has been found in Microsoft Windows and classified as very critical. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown code of the component SPNEGO Extended Negotiation. The manipulation with an unknown input leads to a heap-based overflow vulnerability. The CWE definition for the vulnerability is CWE-122. A heap overflow condition is a buffer overflow, where the buffer that can be overwritten is allocated in the heap portion of memory, generally meaning that the buffer was allocated using a routine such as malloc(). As an impact it is known to affect confidentiality, integrity, and availability. The summary by CVE is:

Heap-based buffer overflow in Windows SPNEGO Extended Negotiation allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code over a network.

The weakness was published 07/08/2025 as confirmed security update guide (Website). The advisory is shared at msrc.microsoft.com. This vulnerability is known as CVE-2025-47981. The exploitation appears to be easy. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploitation doesn't need any form of authentication. Neither technical details nor an exploit are publicly available. The price for an exploit might be around USD $25k-$100k at the moment (estimation calculated on 09/15/2025).

Applying a patch is able to eliminate this problem. A possible mitigation has been published immediately after the disclosure of the vulnerability.

The vulnerability is also documented in the databases at EUVD (EUVD-2025-20611) and CERT Bund (WID-SEC-2025-1850). If you want to get the best quality for vulnerability data then you always have to consider VulDB.

Affected

Xerox FreeFlow Print Server

Productinfo

Type

Operating System

Vendor

Microsoft

Name

Windows

Version

License

commercial

Website

Vendor: https://www.microsoft.com/
Product: https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/windows

CPE 2.3info

CPE 2.2info

CVSSv4info

VulDB Vector: 🔒
VulDB Reliability: 🔍

CVSSv3info

VulDB Meta Base Score: 9.8
VulDB Meta Temp Score: 8.9

VulDB Base Score: 9.8
VulDB Temp Score: 8.5
VulDB Vector: 🔒
VulDB Reliability: 🔍

Vendor Base Score (Microsoft): 9.8
Vendor Vector (Microsoft): 🔒

CNA Base Score: 9.8
CNA Vector (Microsoft): 🔒

CVSSv2info

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Vector	Complexity	Authentication	Confidentiality	Integrity	Availability
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VulDB Base Score: 🔒
VulDB Temp Score: 🔒
VulDB Reliability: 🔍

Exploitinginfo

Class: Heap-based overflow
CWE: CWE-122 / CWE-119
CAPEC: 🔒
ATT&CK: 🔒

Physical: No
Local: No
Remote: Yes

Availability: 🔒
Status: Unproven

EPSS Score: 🔒
EPSS Percentile: 🔒

Price Prediction: 🔍
Current Price Estimation: 🔒

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Threat Intelligenceinfo

Interest: 🔍
Active Actors: 🔍
Active APT Groups: 🔍

Countermeasuresinfo

Recommended: Patch
Status: 🔍

Reaction Time: 🔒
0-Day Time: 🔒
Exposure Time: 🔒

Timelineinfo

07/08/2025 VulDB entry created
07/08/2025 +0 days Advisory disclosed
07/08/2025 +0 days Countermeasure disclosed
09/15/2025 +69 days VulDB entry last update