ZcashFoundation frost up to 2.1.x refresh missing cryptographic step

Summaryinfo

A vulnerability identified as problematic has been detected in ZcashFoundation frost up to 2.1.x. Impacted is the function frost_core::keys::refresh. This manipulation causes missing cryptographic step. This vulnerability appears as CVE-2025-58359. The attack may be initiated remotely. There is no available exploit. You should upgrade the affected component.

Detailsinfo

A vulnerability classified as problematic was found in ZcashFoundation frost up to 2.1.x. Affected by this vulnerability is the function frost_core::keys::refresh. The manipulation with an unknown input leads to a missing cryptographic step vulnerability. The CWE definition for the vulnerability is CWE-325. The product does not implement a required step in a cryptographic algorithm, resulting in weaker encryption than advertised by the algorithm. As an impact it is known to affect confidentiality. The summary by CVE is:

ZF FROST is a Rust implementation of FROST (Flexible Round-Optimised Schnorr Threshold signatures). In versions 2.0.0 through 2.1.0, refresh shares with smaller min_signers will reduce security of group. The inability to change min_signers (i.e. the threshold) with the refresh share functionality (frost_core::keys::refresh module) was not made clear to users. Using a smaller value would not decrease the threshold, and attempts to sign using a smaller threshold would fail. Additionally, after refreshing the shares with a smaller threshold, it would still be possible to sign with the original threshold, potentially causing a security loss to the participant's shares. This issue is fixed in version 2.2.0.

It is possible to read the advisory at github.com. This vulnerability is known as CVE-2025-58359 since 08/29/2025. The exploitation appears to be easy. The attack can be launched remotely. Technical details of the vulnerability are known, but there is no available exploit. The attack technique deployed by this issue is T1600 according to MITRE ATT&CK.

Upgrading to version 2.2.0 eliminates this vulnerability. The upgrade is hosted for download at github.com. Applying the patch 379ef689c733b3d9c80fd409071d4f3af4dafed2 is able to eliminate this problem. The bugfix is ready for download at github.com. The best possible mitigation is suggested to be upgrading to the latest version.

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Productinfo

Vendor

• ZcashFoundation

Name

• frost

Version

• 2.0
• 2.1

License

• open-source

Website

• Product: https://github.com/ZcashFoundation/frost/

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