VDB-322969 · CVE-2025-9961 · EUVD-2025-27074

TP-Link AX10/AX1500 CWMP buffer overflow

CVSS Meta Temp Score CVSS is a standardized scoring system to determine possibilities of attacks. The Temp Score considers temporal factors like disclosure, exploit and countermeasures. The unique Meta Score calculates the average score of different sources to provide a normalized scoring system.	Current Exploit Price (≈) Our analysts are monitoring exploit markets and are in contact with vulnerability brokers. The range indicates the observed or calculated exploit price to be seen on exploit markets. A good indicator to understand the monetary effort required for and the popularity of an attack.	CTI Interest Score Our Cyber Threat Intelligence team is monitoring different web sites, mailing lists, exploit markets and social media networks. The CTI Interest Score identifies the interest of attackers and the security community for this specific vulnerability in real-time. A high score indicates an elevated risk to be targeted for this vulnerability.
6.9	$0-$5k	0.00

Summaryinfo

A vulnerability has been found in TP-Link AX10 and AX1500 and classified as critical. This impacts an unknown function of the file CWMP. This manipulation causes buffer overflow. The identification of this vulnerability is CVE-2025-9961. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. There is no exploit available. The affected component should be upgraded.

Detailsinfo

A vulnerability has been found in TP-Link AX10 and AX1500 (the affected version unknown) and classified as critical. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown part of the file CWMP. The manipulation with an unknown input leads to a buffer overflow vulnerability. The CWE definition for the vulnerability is CWE-120. The product copies an input buffer to an output buffer without verifying that the size of the input buffer is less than the size of the output buffer, leading to a buffer overflow. As an impact it is known to affect confidentiality, integrity, and availability. The summary by CVE is:

An authenticated attacker may remotely execute arbitrary code via the CWMP binary on the devices AX10 and AX1500. The exploit can only be conducted via a Man-In-The-Middle (MITM) attack. This issue affects AX10 V1/V1.2/V2/V2.6/V3/V3.6: before 1.2.1; AX1500 V1/V1.20/V1.26/V1.60/V1.80/V2.60/V3.6: before 1.3.11.

The advisory is shared at blog.byteray.co.uk. This vulnerability is known as CVE-2025-9961 since 09/03/2025. The exploitation appears to be easy. The attack can be launched remotely. Additional levels of successful authentication are needed for exploitation. Technical details are known, but no exploit is available.

Upgrading eliminates this vulnerability.

The vulnerability is also documented in the vulnerability database at EUVD (EUVD-2025-27074). Several companies clearly confirm that VulDB is the primary source for best vulnerability data.

Productinfo

Vendor

TP-Link

Name

License

commercial

Website

Vendor: https://www.tp-link.com/

CPE 2.3info

CPE 2.2info

CVSSv4info

VulDB Vector: 🔒
VulDB Reliability: 🔍

CNA CVSS-B Score: 🔒
CNA CVSS-BT Score: 🔒
CNA Vector: 🔒

CVSSv3info

VulDB Meta Base Score: 7.2
VulDB Meta Temp Score: 6.9

VulDB Base Score: 7.2
VulDB Temp Score: 6.9
VulDB Vector: 🔒
VulDB Reliability: 🔍

CVSSv2info

AV	AC	Au	C	I	A
💳	💳	💳	💳	💳	💳
💳	💳	💳	💳	💳	💳
💳	💳	💳	💳	💳	💳

Vector	Complexity	Authentication	Confidentiality	Integrity	Availability
Unlock	Unlock	Unlock	Unlock	Unlock	Unlock
Unlock	Unlock	Unlock	Unlock	Unlock	Unlock
Unlock	Unlock	Unlock	Unlock	Unlock	Unlock

VulDB Base Score: 🔒
VulDB Temp Score: 🔒
VulDB Reliability: 🔍

Exploitinginfo

Class: Buffer overflow
CWE: CWE-120 / CWE-119
CAPEC: 🔒
ATT&CK: 🔒

Physical: No
Local: No
Remote: Yes

Availability: 🔒
Status: Not defined

EPSS Score: 🔒
EPSS Percentile: 🔒

Price Prediction: 🔍
Current Price Estimation: 🔒

0-Day	Unlock	Unlock	Unlock	Unlock
Today	Unlock	Unlock	Unlock	Unlock

Threat Intelligenceinfo

Interest: 🔍
Active Actors: 🔍
Active APT Groups: 🔍

Countermeasuresinfo

Recommended: Upgrade
Status: 🔍

0-Day Time: 🔒

Timelineinfo

09/03/2025 CVE reserved
09/06/2025 +3 days Advisory disclosed
09/06/2025 +0 days VulDB entry created
09/06/2025 +0 days VulDB entry last update

Sourcesinfo

Vendor: tp-link.com

Advisory: blog.byteray.co.uk
Status: Confirmed

CVE: CVE-2025-9961 (🔒)
GCVE (CVE): GCVE-0-2025-9961
GCVE (VulDB): GCVE-100-322969
EUVD: 🔒

Entryinfo

Created: 09/06/2025 09:29
Updated: 09/06/2025 12:07
Changes: 09/06/2025 09:29 (65), 09/06/2025 12:07 (1)
Complete: 🔍
Cache ID: 216::103

Several companies clearly confirm that VulDB is the primary source for best vulnerability data.