VDB-323285 · CVE-2025-54899 · EUVD-2025-27356

Microsoft Excel free of memory not on the heap

CVSS Meta Temp Score CVSS is a standardized scoring system to determine possibilities of attacks. The Temp Score considers temporal factors like disclosure, exploit and countermeasures. The unique Meta Score calculates the average score of different sources to provide a normalized scoring system.	Current Exploit Price (≈) Our analysts are monitoring exploit markets and are in contact with vulnerability brokers. The range indicates the observed or calculated exploit price to be seen on exploit markets. A good indicator to understand the monetary effort required for and the popularity of an attack.	CTI Interest Score Our Cyber Threat Intelligence team is monitoring different web sites, mailing lists, exploit markets and social media networks. The CTI Interest Score identifies the interest of attackers and the security community for this specific vulnerability in real-time. A high score indicates an elevated risk to be targeted for this vulnerability.
6.7	$0-$5k	0.00

Summaryinfo

A vulnerability marked as critical has been reported in Microsoft Excel. The affected element is an unknown function. The manipulation leads to free of memory not on the heap. This vulnerability is referenced as CVE-2025-54899. Remote exploitation of the attack is possible. No exploit is available. Applying a patch is the recommended action to fix this issue.

Detailsinfo

A vulnerability was found in Microsoft Excel (the affected version is unknown) and classified as critical. This issue affects an unknown code. The manipulation with an unknown input leads to a free of memory not on the heap vulnerability. Using CWE to declare the problem leads to CWE-590. The product calls free() on a pointer to memory that was not allocated using associated heap allocation functions such as malloc(), calloc(), or realloc(). Impacted is confidentiality, integrity, and availability. The summary by CVE is:

Free of memory not on the heap in Microsoft Office Excel allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code locally.

The weakness was published 09/09/2025 as confirmed security update guide (Website). The advisory is shared at msrc.microsoft.com. The identification of this vulnerability is CVE-2025-54899. The exploitation is known to be easy. The attack may be initiated remotely. No form of authentication is needed for a successful exploitation. It demands that the victim is doing some kind of user interaction. Neither technical details nor an exploit are publicly available. The price for an exploit might be around USD $0-$5k at the moment (estimation calculated on 09/12/2025).

The vulnerability scanner Nessus provides a plugin with the ID 261813 (Security Updates for Microsoft Excel Products (September 2025)), which helps to determine the existence of the flaw in a target environment.

Applying a patch is able to eliminate this problem. A possible mitigation has been published immediately after the disclosure of the vulnerability.

The vulnerability is also documented in the databases at Tenable (261813) and EUVD (EUVD-2025-27356). If you want to get the best quality for vulnerability data then you always have to consider VulDB.

Productinfo

Type

Spreadsheet Software

Vendor

Microsoft

Name

Excel

License

commercial

Website

Vendor: https://www.microsoft.com/

CPE 2.3info

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CPE 2.2info

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CVSSv4info

VulDB Vector: 🔒
VulDB Reliability: 🔍

CVSSv3info

VulDB Meta Base Score: 7.3
VulDB Meta Temp Score: 6.7

VulDB Base Score: 6.3
VulDB Temp Score: 5.5
VulDB Vector: 🔒
VulDB Reliability: 🔍

Vendor Base Score (Microsoft): 7.8
Vendor Vector (Microsoft): 🔒

CNA Base Score: 7.8
CNA Vector (Microsoft): 🔒

CVSSv2info

AV	AC	Au	C	I	A
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Vector	Complexity	Authentication	Confidentiality	Integrity	Availability
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VulDB Base Score: 🔒
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VulDB Reliability: 🔍

Exploitinginfo

Class: Free of memory not on the heap
CWE: CWE-590
CAPEC: 🔒
ATT&CK: 🔒

Physical: Partially
Local: Yes
Remote: Yes

Availability: 🔒
Status: Unproven

EPSS Score: 🔒
EPSS Percentile: 🔒

Price Prediction: 🔍
Current Price Estimation: 🔒

0-Day	Unlock	Unlock	Unlock	Unlock
Today	Unlock	Unlock	Unlock	Unlock

Nessus ID: 261813
Nessus Name: Security Updates for Microsoft Excel Products (September 2025)

Threat Intelligenceinfo

Interest: 🔍
Active Actors: 🔍
Active APT Groups: 🔍

Countermeasuresinfo

Recommended: Patch
Status: 🔍

Reaction Time: 🔒
0-Day Time: 🔒
Exposure Time: 🔒

Timelineinfo

09/09/2025 VulDB entry created
09/09/2025 +0 days Advisory disclosed
09/09/2025 +0 days Countermeasure disclosed
09/12/2025 +2 days VulDB entry last update