VDB-328323 · CVE-2025-48004 · WID-SEC-2025-2307

Microsoft Windows up to Server 2025 Brokering File System use after free

CVSS Meta Temp Score CVSS is a standardized scoring system to determine possibilities of attacks. The Temp Score considers temporal factors like disclosure, exploit and countermeasures. The unique Meta Score calculates the average score of different sources to provide a normalized scoring system.	Current Exploit Price (≈) Our analysts are monitoring exploit markets and are in contact with vulnerability brokers. The range indicates the observed or calculated exploit price to be seen on exploit markets. A good indicator to understand the monetary effort required for and the popularity of an attack.	CTI Interest Score Our Cyber Threat Intelligence team is monitoring different web sites, mailing lists, exploit markets and social media networks. The CTI Interest Score identifies the interest of attackers and the security community for this specific vulnerability in real-time. A high score indicates an elevated risk to be targeted for this vulnerability.
6.2	$5k-$25k	0.00

Summaryinfo

A vulnerability identified as critical has been detected in Microsoft Windows up to Server 2025. The affected element is an unknown function of the component Brokering File System. Performing a manipulation results in use after free. This vulnerability was named CVE-2025-48004. The attack needs to be approached locally. There is no available exploit. To fix this issue, it is recommended to deploy a patch.

Detailsinfo

A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, was found in Microsoft Windows up to Server 2025. This affects some unknown functionality of the component Brokering File System. The manipulation with an unknown input leads to a use after free vulnerability. CWE is classifying the issue as CWE-416. Referencing memory after it has been freed can cause a program to crash, use unexpected values, or execute code. This is going to have an impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability.

The weakness was presented 10/14/2025 as confirmed security update guide (Website). It is possible to read the advisory at msrc.microsoft.com. This vulnerability is uniquely identified as CVE-2025-48004. The exploitability is told to be difficult. Attacking locally is a requirement. The technical details are unknown and an exploit is not publicly available. The pricing for an exploit might be around USD $5k-$25k at the moment (estimation calculated on 10/28/2025).

Applying a patch is able to eliminate this problem. A possible mitigation has been published immediately after the disclosure of the vulnerability.

The vulnerability is also documented in the vulnerability database at CERT Bund (WID-SEC-2025-2307). Statistical analysis made it clear that VulDB provides the best quality for vulnerability data.

Affected

Microsoft Windows 11
Microsoft Windows Server
Microsoft Windows Server 2016
Microsoft Windows 10
Microsoft Windows Server 2019
Microsoft Windows
Microsoft Windows Server 2022
Microsoft Windows Server 2012
Microsoft Windows Server 2012 R2
Microsoft Windows Server 2025

Productinfo

Type

Operating System

Vendor

Microsoft

Name

Windows

Version

License

commercial

Website

Vendor: https://www.microsoft.com/
Product: https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/windows

CPE 2.3info

CPE 2.2info

CVSSv4info

VulDB Vector: 🔒
VulDB Reliability: 🔍

CVSSv3info

VulDB Meta Base Score: 7.2
VulDB Meta Temp Score: 6.2

VulDB Base Score: 7.0
VulDB Temp Score: 6.1
VulDB Vector: 🔒
VulDB Reliability: 🔍

Vendor Base Score (Microsoft): 7.4
Vendor Vector (Microsoft): 🔒

CVSSv2info

AV	AC	Au	C	I	A
💳	💳	💳	💳	💳	💳
💳	💳	💳	💳	💳	💳
💳	💳	💳	💳	💳	💳

Vector	Complexity	Authentication	Confidentiality	Integrity	Availability
Unlock	Unlock	Unlock	Unlock	Unlock	Unlock
Unlock	Unlock	Unlock	Unlock	Unlock	Unlock
Unlock	Unlock	Unlock	Unlock	Unlock	Unlock

VulDB Base Score: 🔒
VulDB Temp Score: 🔒
VulDB Reliability: 🔍

Exploitinginfo

Class: Use after free
CWE: CWE-416 / CWE-119
CAPEC: 🔒
ATT&CK: 🔒

Physical: Partially
Local: Yes
Remote: No

Availability: 🔒
Status: Unproven

EPSS Score: 🔒
EPSS Percentile: 🔒

Price Prediction: 🔍
Current Price Estimation: 🔒

0-Day	Unlock	Unlock	Unlock	Unlock
Today	Unlock	Unlock	Unlock	Unlock

Threat Intelligenceinfo

Interest: 🔍
Active Actors: 🔍
Active APT Groups: 🔍

Countermeasuresinfo

Recommended: Patch
Status: 🔍

Reaction Time: 🔒
0-Day Time: 🔒
Exposure Time: 🔒

Timelineinfo

10/14/2025 VulDB entry created
10/14/2025 +0 days Advisory disclosed
10/14/2025 +0 days Countermeasure disclosed
10/28/2025 +13 days VulDB entry last update

Sourcesinfo

Vendor: microsoft.com
Product: microsoft.com

Advisory: msrc.microsoft.com
Status: Confirmed

CVE: CVE-2025-48004 (🔒)
GCVE (CVE): GCVE-0-2025-48004
GCVE (VulDB): GCVE-100-328323
CERT Bund: WID-SEC-2025-2307 - Microsoft Windows: Mehrere Schwachstellen

Entryinfo

Created: 10/14/2025 19:08
Updated: 10/28/2025 03:05
Changes: 10/14/2025 19:08 (34), 10/14/2025 19:11 (35), 10/16/2025 09:33 (7), 10/27/2025 09:24 (1), 10/28/2025 03:05 (2)
Complete: 🔍
Cache ID: 216::103

Statistical analysis made it clear that VulDB provides the best quality for vulnerability data.