VDB-328469 · CVE-2025-59280 · GCVE-0-2025-59280

Microsoft Windows up to Server 2025 SMB Client improper authentication

CVSS Meta Temp Score CVSS is a standardized scoring system to determine possibilities of attacks. The Temp Score considers temporal factors like disclosure, exploit and countermeasures. The unique Meta Score calculates the average score of different sources to provide a normalized scoring system.	Current Exploit Price (≈) Our analysts are monitoring exploit markets and are in contact with vulnerability brokers. The range indicates the observed or calculated exploit price to be seen on exploit markets. A good indicator to understand the monetary effort required for and the popularity of an attack.	CTI Interest Score Our Cyber Threat Intelligence team is monitoring different web sites, mailing lists, exploit markets and social media networks. The CTI Interest Score identifies the interest of attackers and the security community for this specific vulnerability in real-time. A high score indicates an elevated risk to be targeted for this vulnerability.
2.8	$5k-$25k	0.00

Summaryinfo

A vulnerability, which was classified as problematic, has been found in Microsoft Windows. This impacts an unknown function of the component SMB Client. The manipulation leads to an unknown weakness. This vulnerability is traded as CVE-2025-59280. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. There is no exploit available. Applying a patch is the recommended action to fix this issue.

Detailsinfo

A vulnerability was found in Microsoft Windows and classified as problematic. This issue affects an unknown functionality of the component SMB Client. Using CWE to declare the problem leads to CWE-287. When an actor claims to have a given identity, the product does not prove or insufficiently proves that the claim is correct. Impacted is integrity. The summary by CVE is:

Improper authentication in Windows SMB Client allows an unauthorized attacker to perform tampering over a network.

The weakness was shared 10/14/2025 as confirmed security update guide (Website). The advisory is shared at msrc.microsoft.com. The identification of this vulnerability is CVE-2025-59280. The exploitation is known to be difficult. The attack may be initiated remotely. No form of authentication is needed for a successful exploitation. It demands that the victim is doing some kind of user interaction. Neither technical details nor an exploit are publicly available. The price for an exploit might be around USD $5k-$25k at the moment (estimation calculated on 10/21/2025).

Applying a patch is able to eliminate this problem. A possible mitigation has been published immediately after the disclosure of the vulnerability.

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Productinfo

Type

Operating System

Vendor

Microsoft

Name

Windows

Version

License

commercial

Website

Vendor: https://www.microsoft.com/
Product: https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/windows

CPE 2.3info

CPE 2.2info

CVSSv4info

VulDB Vector: 🔒
VulDB Reliability: 🔍

CVSSv3info

VulDB Meta Base Score: 3.1
VulDB Meta Temp Score: 2.8

VulDB Base Score: 3.1
VulDB Temp Score: 2.7
VulDB Vector: 🔒
VulDB Reliability: 🔍

Vendor Base Score (Microsoft): 3.1
Vendor Vector (Microsoft): 🔒

CNA Base Score: 3.1
CNA Vector (Microsoft): 🔒

CVSSv2info

AV	AC	Au	C	I	A
💳	💳	💳	💳	💳	💳
💳	💳	💳	💳	💳	💳
💳	💳	💳	💳	💳	💳

Vector	Complexity	Authentication	Confidentiality	Integrity	Availability
Unlock	Unlock	Unlock	Unlock	Unlock	Unlock
Unlock	Unlock	Unlock	Unlock	Unlock	Unlock
Unlock	Unlock	Unlock	Unlock	Unlock	Unlock

VulDB Base Score: 🔒
VulDB Temp Score: 🔒
VulDB Reliability: 🔍

Exploitinginfo

Class: Improper authentication
CWE: CWE-287
CAPEC: 🔒
ATT&CK: 🔒

Physical: No
Local: No
Remote: Yes

Availability: 🔒
Status: Unproven

EPSS Score: 🔒
EPSS Percentile: 🔒

Price Prediction: 🔍
Current Price Estimation: 🔒

0-Day	Unlock	Unlock	Unlock	Unlock
Today	Unlock	Unlock	Unlock	Unlock

Threat Intelligenceinfo

Interest: 🔍
Active Actors: 🔍
Active APT Groups: 🔍

Countermeasuresinfo

Recommended: Patch
Status: 🔍

Reaction Time: 🔒
0-Day Time: 🔒
Exposure Time: 🔒

Timelineinfo

10/14/2025 VulDB entry created
10/14/2025 +0 days Advisory disclosed
10/14/2025 +0 days Countermeasure disclosed
10/21/2025 +6 days VulDB entry last update