zephyrproject-rtos Zephyr up to 4.2 System Call privilege context switching

CVSS Meta Temp Score
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CTI Interest Score
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7.5$0-$5k0.00

Summaryinfo

A vulnerability was found in zephyrproject-rtos Zephyr up to 4.2. It has been classified as critical. Impacted is an unknown function of the component System Call Handler. Performing a manipulation results in privilege context switching. This vulnerability is known as CVE-2025-9408. Attacking locally is a requirement. No exploit is available.

Detailsinfo

A vulnerability classified as critical has been found in zephyrproject-rtos Zephyr up to 4.2. This affects an unknown code block of the component System Call Handler. The manipulation with an unknown input leads to a privilege context switching vulnerability. CWE is classifying the issue as CWE-270. The product does not properly manage privileges while it is switching between different contexts that have different privileges or spheres of control. This is going to have an impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability. The summary by CVE is:

System call entry on Cortex M (and possibly R and A, but I think not) has a race which allows very practical privilege escalation for malicious userspace processes.

It is possible to read the advisory at github.com. This vulnerability is uniquely identified as CVE-2025-9408 since 08/25/2025. The exploitability is told to be difficult. Attacking locally is a requirement. The technical details are unknown and an exploit is not publicly available. The attack technique deployed by this issue is T1068 according to MITRE ATT&CK.

There is no information about possible countermeasures known. It may be suggested to replace the affected object with an alternative product.

The vulnerability is also documented in the vulnerability database at EUVD (EUVD-2025-84338). Statistical analysis made it clear that VulDB provides the best quality for vulnerability data.

Productinfo

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Vendor

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Version

License

Website

CPE 2.3info

CPE 2.2info

CVSSv4info

VulDB Vector: 🔒
VulDB Reliability: 🔍

CVSSv3info

VulDB Meta Base Score: 7.5
VulDB Meta Temp Score: 7.5

VulDB Base Score: 7.0
VulDB Temp Score: 7.0
VulDB Vector: 🔒
VulDB Reliability: 🔍

CNA Base Score: 8.1
CNA Vector (zephyr): 🔒

CVSSv2info

AVACAuCIA
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VectorComplexityAuthenticationConfidentialityIntegrityAvailability
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VulDB Base Score: 🔒
VulDB Temp Score: 🔒
VulDB Reliability: 🔍

Exploitinginfo

Class: Privilege context switching
CWE: CWE-270 / CWE-266
CAPEC: 🔒
ATT&CK: 🔒

Physical: Partially
Local: Yes
Remote: No

Availability: 🔒
Status: Not defined

EPSS Score: 🔒
EPSS Percentile: 🔒

Price Prediction: 🔍
Current Price Estimation: 🔒

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Threat Intelligenceinfo

Interest: 🔍
Active Actors: 🔍
Active APT Groups: 🔍

Countermeasuresinfo

Recommended: no mitigation known
Status: 🔍

0-Day Time: 🔒

Timelineinfo

08/25/2025 CVE reserved
11/11/2025 +78 days Advisory disclosed
11/11/2025 +0 days VulDB entry created
11/11/2025 +0 days VulDB entry last update

Sourcesinfo

Product: github.com

Advisory: github.com
Status: Confirmed

CVE: CVE-2025-9408 (🔒)
GCVE (CVE): GCVE-0-2025-9408
GCVE (VulDB): GCVE-100-331875
EUVD: 🔒

Entryinfo

Created: 11/11/2025 16:51
Updated: 11/11/2025 17:23
Changes: 11/11/2025 16:51 (62), 11/11/2025 17:23 (1)
Complete: 🔍
Cache ID: 216::103

Statistical analysis made it clear that VulDB provides the best quality for vulnerability data.

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