FreePBX up to 16.0.16/17.0.4 REST/GraphQL jti privilege context switching

Summaryinfo

A vulnerability labeled as problematic has been found in FreePBX up to 16.0.16/17.0.4. This affects an unknown function of the component REST/GraphQL. Such manipulation of the argument jti leads to privilege context switching. This vulnerability is uniquely identified as CVE-2025-55210. The attack can be launched remotely. No exploit exists. The affected component should be upgraded.

Detailsinfo

A vulnerability, which was classified as problematic, has been found in FreePBX up to 16.0.16/17.0.4. Affected by this issue is an unknown part of the component REST/GraphQL. The manipulation of the argument jti with an unknown input leads to a privilege context switching vulnerability. Using CWE to declare the problem leads to CWE-270. The product does not properly manage privileges while it is switching between different contexts that have different privileges or spheres of control. Impacted is confidentiality, integrity, and availability. CVE summarizes:

FreePBX is an open-source web-based graphical user interface (GUI) that manages Asterisk. Prior to 17.0.5 and 16.0.17, FreePBX module api (PBX API) is vulnerable to privilege escalation by authenticated users with REST/GraphQL API access. This vulnerability allows an attacker to forge a valid JWT with full access to the REST and GraphQL APIs on a FreePBX that they've already connected to, possibly as a lower privileged user. The JWT is signed using the api-oauth.key private key. An attacker can generate their own token if they possess this key (e.g., by accessing an affected instance), and specify any scopes they wish (e.g., rest, gql), bypassing traditional authorization checks. However, FreePBX enforces that the jti (JWT ID) claim must exist in the database (api_access_tokens table in the asterisk MySQL database) in order for the token to be accepted. Therefore, the attacker must know a jti value that already exists on the target instance. This vulnerability is fixed in 17.0.5 and 16.0.17.

The advisory is available at github.com. This vulnerability is handled as CVE-2025-55210 since 08/08/2025. The exploitation is known to be difficult. The attack may be launched remotely. Technical details are known, but there is no available exploit. This vulnerability is assigned to T1068 by the MITRE ATT&CK project.

Upgrading to version 16.0.17 or 17.0.5 eliminates this vulnerability. Applying the patch bc6f7d72063cffb18babb6559fa351046d7ad19b is able to eliminate this problem. The bugfix is ready for download at github.com. The best possible mitigation is suggested to be upgrading to the latest version.

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Productinfo

Name

• FreePBX

Version

• 16.0.0
• 16.0.1
• 16.0.2
• 16.0.3
• 16.0.4
• 16.0.5
• 16.0.6
• 16.0.7
• 16.0.8
• 16.0.9
• 16.0.10
• 16.0.11
• 16.0.12
• 16.0.13
• 16.0.14
• 16.0.15
• 16.0.16
• 17.0.0
• 17.0.1
• 17.0.2
• 17.0.3
• 17.0.4

License

• open-source

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