Apache Kafka up to 4.1.2/4.2.1/4.3.1 Protocol Reader heap-based overflow

Summaryinfo

A vulnerability marked as problematic has been reported in Apache Kafka up to 4.1.2/4.2.1/4.3.1. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the component Protocol Reader. The manipulation leads to heap-based overflow. This vulnerability is listed as CVE-2026-111108. The attack may be initiated remotely. There is no available exploit. It is suggested to upgrade the affected component.

Detailsinfo

A vulnerability, which was classified as problematic, has been found in Apache Kafka up to 4.1.2/4.2.1/4.3.1. This issue affects an unknown code of the component Protocol Reader. The manipulation with an unknown input leads to a heap-based overflow vulnerability. Using CWE to declare the problem leads to CWE-122. A heap overflow condition is a buffer overflow, where the buffer that can be overwritten is allocated in the heap portion of memory, generally meaning that the buffer was allocated using a routine such as malloc(). Impacted is availability. The summary by CVE is:

Apache Kafka's code-generated protocol readers pre-size an array's collection from the element count declared by the sender. That count is checked only against the bytes remaining in the request buffer, which assumes about one byte per element; because most elements need several bytes, a request can declare far more elements than the buffer holds and still pass. For a keyed array the reader then allocates an ImplicitLinkedHashCollection of capacity (2 * count +1), so a request of a few tens of megabytes can force a heap allocation several times larger before any element is read. The pattern is emitted into every generated reader, so it affects all Kafka API types with an array field.  Impact: Request parsing happens before any authorization check. On a listener that does not require authentication (for example PLAINTEXT), an unauthenticated attacker can send a few concurrent requests that each declare a very large= array length and allocate many times their wire size in broker heap, crashing the broker with an OutOfMemoryError. The reporter demonstrated three concurrent ~90 MB ProduceRequest (v3) connections exhausting a 1 GB heap (~8x amplification). On listeners that require authentication, the attacker needs valid credentials but no specific ACL, since parsing precedes authorization.. Mitigation: Upgrade to Apache Kafka 4.2.2, 4.3.2, or 4.4.0. Until then, lowering socket.request.max.bytes and restricting network access to broker listeners reduces, but does not remove, exposure. Resolution: From Apache Kafka 4.2.2, 4.3.2, and 4.4.0: generated readers cap the initial array pre-allocation at MessageUtil.MAX_PREALLOCATED_ARRAY_CAPACITY (1000) and grow it on demand, and reject a declared array length above MessageUtil.MAX_ARRAY_LENGTH (1,000,000).

The advisory is shared at kafka.apache.org. The identification of this vulnerability is CVE-2026-111108 since 10/15/2026. The exploitation is known to be easy. The attack may be initiated remotely. No form of authentication is needed for a successful exploitation. Neither technical details nor an exploit are publicly available. The price for an exploit might be around USD $0-$5k at the moment (estimation calculated on 10/28/2026).

Upgrading to version 4.2.2, 4.3.2 or 4.4.0 eliminates this vulnerability.

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Productinfo

Vendor

• Apache

Name

• Kafka

Version

• 4.1.0
• 4.1.1
• 4.1.2
• 4.2.0
• 4.2.1
• 4.3.0
• 4.3.1

License

• open-source

Website

• Vendor: https://www.apache.org/

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