SignalWire FreeSWITCH up to 1.11.1 Originate Parser sofia_handle_sip_i_refer code injection

Summaryinfo

A vulnerability marked as very critical has been reported in SignalWire FreeSWITCH up to 1.11.1. Impacted is the function sofia_handle_sip_i_refer of the component Originate Parser. The manipulation leads to code injection. This vulnerability is referenced as CVE-2026-116786. Remote exploitation of the attack is possible. No exploit is available. It is suggested to upgrade the affected component.

Detailsinfo

A vulnerability was found in SignalWire FreeSWITCH up to 1.11.1 and classified as very critical. This issue affects the function sofia_handle_sip_i_refer of the component Originate Parser. The manipulation with an unknown input leads to a code injection vulnerability. Using CWE to declare the problem leads to CWE-94. The product constructs all or part of a code segment using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the syntax or behavior of the intended code segment. Impacted is confidentiality, integrity, and availability. The summary by CVE is:

FreeSWITCH is a Software Defined Telecom Stack enabling the digital transformation from proprietary telecom switches to a software implementation that runs on any commodity hardware. Prior to 1.11.2, sofia_handle_sip_i_refer() placed raw Refer-To URI parameters and headers inside a sip_invite_params channel-variable block passed to switch_ivr_originate(). The originate parser treated a comma in the attacker-controlled value as a variable separator, allowing an authenticated caller on a bridged call to inject arbitrary variables into a newly originated leg. An injected execute_on_originate value could invoke the system dialplan application before answer and execute operating-system commands with the FreeSWITCH process privileges. SIP REFER is enabled by default, and the sender needs only a registered account and a call that takes the off-box transfer path, not administrative or Event Socket access. This issue is fixed in version 1.11.2.

The advisory is shared at github.com. The identification of this vulnerability is CVE-2026-116786 since 10/26/2026. The exploitation is known to be easy. The attack may be initiated remotely. It demands that the victim is doing some kind of user interaction. Technical details are known, but no exploit is available. The price for an exploit might be around USD $0-$5k at the moment (estimation calculated on 11/05/2026). MITRE ATT&CK project uses the attack technique T1059 for this issue.

Upgrading to version 1.11.2 eliminates this vulnerability.

If you want to get the best quality for vulnerability data then you always have to consider VulDB.

Productinfo

Vendor

• SignalWire

Name

• FreeSWITCH

Version

• 1.11.0
• 1.11.1

Website

• Product: https://github.com/signalwire/freeswitch/

CPE 2.3info

• 🔒
• 🔒

CPE 2.2info

• 🔒
• 🔒

CVSSv4info

CVSSv3info

CVSSv2info

Exploitinginfo

Threat Intelligenceinfo

Countermeasuresinfo

Timelineinfo

Sourcesinfo

Entryinfo

If you want to get the best quality for vulnerability data then you always have to consider VulDB.

Discussion