CVE-2004-1161 in rssh
Summary
by MITRE
rssh 2.2.2 and earlier does not properly restrict programs that can be run, which could allow remote authenticated users to bypass intended access restrictions and execute arbitrary programs via (1) rdist -P, (2) rsync, or (3) scp -S.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 12/31/2024
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2004-1161 affects rssh version 2.2.2 and earlier, representing a critical access control flaw that undermines the security model of restricted shell implementations. This issue resides in the improper validation of program execution restrictions within the rssh software, which is designed to provide restricted shell access to users while limiting their command capabilities. The vulnerability stems from the software's failure to adequately validate or sanitize the programs that can be executed through specific remote synchronization protocols, creating a pathway for authenticated attackers to circumvent intended access controls.
The technical flaw manifests through three specific attack vectors involving the rdist -P, rsync, and scp -S commands. These protocols are commonly used for remote file synchronization and secure copying operations, but rssh's inadequate input validation allows attackers to execute arbitrary programs through these legitimate interfaces. The vulnerability operates by exploiting the trust relationship between the restricted shell and these synchronization tools, where the software fails to properly enforce command restrictions when these specific protocols are invoked. This represents a classic case of insufficient input validation and privilege escalation, where the software's trust model is compromised through improper program execution control.
The operational impact of this vulnerability is significant as it allows remote authenticated users to bypass intended access restrictions and execute arbitrary programs on the target system. This creates a potential for privilege escalation, lateral movement, and data exfiltration within the compromised environment. Attackers can leverage this vulnerability to execute malicious code, establish persistent access, or perform reconnaissance activities without being detected by normal security monitoring mechanisms. The vulnerability affects systems where rssh is deployed as a restricted shell environment, making it particularly dangerous in multi-user environments where different levels of access control are required.
Mitigation strategies for CVE-2004-1161 should focus on immediate software updates to versions that address the program execution restriction flaw. Organizations should implement proper input validation and command whitelisting mechanisms to prevent unauthorized program execution through the affected protocols. Network segmentation and access control measures should be strengthened to limit the impact of potential exploitation. Additionally, monitoring for unusual program execution patterns and implementing proper audit logging for restricted shell activities can help detect exploitation attempts. This vulnerability aligns with CWE-78, which addresses improper neutralization of special elements used in OS commands, and maps to ATT&CK technique T1059 for command and scripting interpreter, highlighting the importance of proper command validation and execution control in security architectures.