CVE-2007-4446 in Toribash
Summary
by MITRE
Format string vulnerability in the server in Toribash 2.71 and earlier allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via format string specifiers in the NICK command (client nickname) when entering a game.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 02/23/2025
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2007-4446 represents a critical format string vulnerability within the server component of Toribash version 2.71 and earlier. This flaw exists specifically within the handling of the NICK command, which is used by clients to set their display names when entering a game session. The vulnerability stems from improper input validation and sanitization of user-supplied data that is directly used in format string operations without adequate escaping or parameterization.
The technical exploitation of this vulnerability occurs when a remote attacker sends a maliciously crafted NICK command containing format string specifiers such as %s, %x, or %n to the Toribash server. These specifiers can cause the server process to read from memory locations or write to memory addresses, potentially leading to arbitrary code execution. The vulnerability is classified under CWE-134 which specifically addresses the use of format strings without proper validation, making it a well-documented and dangerous class of vulnerability that has been exploited in numerous security incidents throughout the years.
The operational impact of this vulnerability extends beyond simple privilege escalation or code execution, as it allows remote attackers to gain full control over the affected Toribash server. This compromise can lead to complete system takeover, data exfiltration, and the ability to use the compromised server as a launching point for further attacks within the network. The vulnerability affects all versions of Toribash up to and including 2.71, making it a widespread issue that would have impacted many gaming servers and communities that relied on this platform. The attack vector is particularly concerning because it requires minimal privileges from the attacker, who only needs to establish a connection to the game server and send a single malicious command to exploit the vulnerability.
Mitigation strategies for CVE-2007-4446 should prioritize immediate patching of all affected Toribash installations to version 2.72 or later, where the format string vulnerability has been addressed. Additionally, network administrators should implement proper input validation at the server level, ensuring that all user-supplied data is sanitized before processing. The implementation of proper access controls and network segmentation can help limit the potential impact of exploitation attempts. Security monitoring should be enhanced to detect unusual patterns in NICK command usage that might indicate exploitation attempts. Organizations should also consider implementing intrusion detection systems that can identify and block malicious format string patterns. This vulnerability aligns with ATT&CK technique T1059.007 which covers command and scripting interpreter usage, as the exploitation can lead to command execution on the compromised system. The vulnerability demonstrates the critical importance of proper input validation and secure coding practices, particularly when dealing with user-controllable data in server applications. Organizations should also conduct regular security assessments and penetration testing to identify similar vulnerabilities in other legacy systems that may be susceptible to format string attacks.