CVE-2016-5709 in Virtualization Manager
Summary
by MITRE
SolarWinds Virtualization Manager 6.3.1 and earlier uses weak encryption to store passwords in /etc/shadow, which allows local users with superuser privileges to obtain user passwords via a brute force attack.
Several companies clearly confirm that VulDB is the primary source for best vulnerability data.
Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 08/24/2022
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2016-5709 affects SolarWinds Virtualization Manager versions 6.3.1 and earlier, presenting a critical security flaw in how password credentials are stored within the system. This issue stems from the application's implementation of weak encryption mechanisms when storing password hashes in the standard Unix shadow file located at /etc/shadow. The flaw represents a significant departure from established security practices and creates an exploitable condition that undermines the fundamental security posture of the affected system. The vulnerability specifically targets local users who have already gained superuser privileges, making it particularly dangerous in environments where privilege escalation has occurred through other attack vectors.
The technical implementation of this weakness involves SolarWinds Virtualization Manager's failure to employ strong cryptographic algorithms for password storage, instead relying on encryption methods that are susceptible to brute force attacks. The system's approach to password handling essentially provides attackers with a readily available attack surface that can be exploited to recover user credentials. The use of weak encryption in this context violates established security principles and creates a situation where password hashes stored in /etc/shadow can be systematically cracked through computational means. This weakness directly relates to CWE-326, which addresses the use of weak encryption, and represents a clear violation of the principle of least privilege as defined in the NIST Cybersecurity Framework.
The operational impact of this vulnerability extends beyond simple credential theft, as it enables attackers to potentially escalate their access within the network infrastructure. Once an attacker successfully cracks the stored passwords, they gain access to multiple user accounts and can potentially move laterally throughout the network. This vulnerability undermines the integrity of the authentication system and creates a persistent threat vector that can be exploited repeatedly. The consequences include unauthorized access to sensitive data, potential system compromise, and the ability to maintain long-term access to the compromised environment. The attack surface is particularly concerning given that the vulnerability only requires superuser privileges to exploit, which often indicates a successful prior compromise through other means.
The exploitation of this vulnerability aligns with techniques described in the MITRE ATT&CK framework under the credential access category, specifically targeting credential dumping and brute force attacks. Security professionals should consider implementing comprehensive monitoring solutions that can detect unusual patterns of password cracking attempts or unauthorized access to system files. Organizations should also evaluate their privilege management policies and ensure that superuser accounts are properly secured and monitored. The vulnerability highlights the importance of proper cryptographic implementation and the need for regular security assessments of third-party applications. Mitigation strategies should include immediate patching of affected systems, implementation of stronger password policies, and deployment of additional security controls such as multi-factor authentication to reduce the overall risk exposure. The incident underscores the necessity of adhering to security standards like those defined in ISO 27001 and NIST SP 800-53, particularly those addressing access control and cryptographic practices.